Young people practicing martial arts and their perception of success
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2018.0502Keywords:
martial arts, combat sports, success attribution, task orientationAbstract
Background: The scientific framework for this study is the Humanistic Theory of Martial Arts that provides the specific language and definitions for Combat Sports/Martial Arts manifestations. Objective: The main aim was to describe the “perception of success” in groups in age 15-17, 11,11% girls and 88,89% boys involved in martial arts training. Participants ( n = 63) consisted of young martial artists from Poland and the United States. Methods: The instrument used for data collection was the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) (translated into Polish); Statistical analysis consisted of calculating the Spearman rank correlation for each pair of subgroups being analyzed a Coefficient of variation for comparison between the values of measurement. Results: 1) A weak correlation between the type of cultivated fighting style and the perceptions of success (Spearman rank correlation = ,35); 2) A moderate relationship between the US participants versus the Polish participants, and the perceptions of success (Spearman rank = ,69); and 3) A weak relationship between sex (as a gender) and the perceptions of success in the martial arts and combat sports (Spearman rank = ,34). Conclusions: This study concludes that the form or style of cultivated martial art or combat sport being practiced did not have a significant impact on the perception of success expressed by children and young people engaged in it.References
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Ames C. Classrooms: goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology. 1992; 84(3): 261 -71.
Endresen I, Olweus D. Participation in power sports and antisocial involvement in preadolescent and adolescent boys. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2005;46(5): 468-78.
Elliot A. The Hierarchical Model of Approach-Avoidance Motivation. Motivation and Emotion. 2016;30(2): 111-6.
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Cynarski WJ, Lee-Barron J. Philosophies of martial arts and their pedagogical consequences. Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology. 2014;14(1): 11-9.
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Roberts G, Treasure D, Balague G. Achievement goals in sport: The development and validation of the Perception of Success Questionnaire. Journal of Sports Sciences. 1998;16 (4): 337-47.
King L, Williams T. Goal orientation and performance in martial arts. Journal of Sport Behaviour. 1997;20(4): 397-412.
Gómez-López M, Granero-Gallegos A, Abraldes A, Rodríguez-Suárez N. Analysis of Self-Determined Motivation in Basketball Players through Goal Orientations. Collegium Antropologicum. 2013;37(3): 707-15.
Vertonghen J, Theeboom M, Pieter W. Mediating factors in martial arts and combat sports: An analysis of the type of martial art, characteristics, and social background of young participants. Perceptual & Motor Skills: Exercise & Sport. 2014;118(1): 41-61.
Vertonghen J, Theeboom M. The social-psychological outcomes of martial arts practise among youth: a review. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2010;9(4): 528-37.
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Salinero Martín J, Ruiz Tendero G, Sánchez Bañuelos F. Goal orientation and motivational climate, achievement motivation, success atribution and enjoyment in an individual sport. Ciencias Aplicadas a la Actividad Física y el Deporte. 2006;83(1): 5-11.
Lochbaum M, Kazak Cetinkalp Z, Graham K, Wright T, Zazo R., Task and ego goal orientations in competitive sport: A quantitative review of the literature from 1989 to 2016. Kinesiology. 2016;48: 3-29.
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Harwood C, Cumming J, Hall C. Imagery use in elite youth sport participants: reinforcing the applied significance of achievement goal theory. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2003;74(3): 292-300.
Roberts G, Treasure D, Kavussanu M. Orthogonality of achievement goals and its relationship to beliefs about success and satisfaction in sport. The Sport Psychologist. 1996;10 (4), 398-408.
Zizzi S, Keeler L, Watson J. The interaction of goal orientation and stage of change on exercise behavior in college students. Journal of Sport Behavior. 2006;29(1): 96-110.
Zeng HZ, Cynarski WJ, Xie L. Martial Arts Anthropology, Participants’ Motivation and Behaviours. Martial Arts in Chanshu: Participants’ Motivation, Practice Times and Health Behaviours. Saarbrücken: Lambert Academic Publishing; 2013.
Cynarski WJ, Skowron J. An analysis of the conceptual language used for the general theory of martial arts -Japanese, Polish and English terminology. Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology. 2014; 14 (3): 49-66.
Ames C. Classrooms: goals, structures, and student motivation. Journal of Educational Psychology. 1992; 84(3): 261 -71.
Endresen I, Olweus D. Participation in power sports and antisocial involvement in preadolescent and adolescent boys. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2005;46(5): 468-78.
Elliot A. The Hierarchical Model of Approach-Avoidance Motivation. Motivation and Emotion. 2016;30(2): 111-6.
Nicholls J. Conceptions of ability and achievement motivation. In Ames R, Ames C, editors. Research on motivation in education. San Diego: Academic Press; 1984. p. 39-73.
Bäck A, Kim D. Towards a Western philosophy of the Eastern martial arts. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport. 1979; 5:19-28.
Cynarski WJ. General reflections about the philosophy of martial arts. Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology. 2013;13(3): 1-6.
Cynarski WJ, Lee-Barron J. Philosophies of martial arts and their pedagogical consequences. Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology. 2014;14(1): 11-9.
Obodynski K, Cynarski WJ. Social and Philosophical Determinants of the Lifestyle of a Contemporary Student of Martial Arts. In: Hodan B, editor. Proceedings from the Czech-Slovak-Polish Symposium Tĕlesná vychova, sport a rekreace v procesu současné globalizace 2005 Feb 17-18 [Physical Education, Sport and Recreation in the Process of Contemporary Globalization, 2005 Feb 17-18]. Brno. Olomouc: Univerzita Palackeho v Olomouc; 2005. P. 271-81.
Zeng HZ, Xie L, Cynarski WJ. Young Martial Arts Athletes’ Motivation and their Health-Related Behaviours. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2013;84(1): A78–9.
Roberts G, Treasure D, Balague G. Achievement goals in sport: The development and validation of the Perception of Success Questionnaire. Journal of Sports Sciences. 1998;16 (4): 337-47.
King L, Williams T. Goal orientation and performance in martial arts. Journal of Sport Behaviour. 1997;20(4): 397-412.
Gómez-López M, Granero-Gallegos A, Abraldes A, Rodríguez-Suárez N. Analysis of Self-Determined Motivation in Basketball Players through Goal Orientations. Collegium Antropologicum. 2013;37(3): 707-15.
Vertonghen J, Theeboom M, Pieter W. Mediating factors in martial arts and combat sports: An analysis of the type of martial art, characteristics, and social background of young participants. Perceptual & Motor Skills: Exercise & Sport. 2014;118(1): 41-61.
Vertonghen J, Theeboom M. The social-psychological outcomes of martial arts practise among youth: a review. Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2010;9(4): 528-37.
Vertonghen J, Theeboom M. Martial arts and youth: an analysis of contextual factors. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth. 2012;17(4): 237-41.
Salinero Martín J, Ruiz Tendero G, Sánchez Bañuelos F. Goal orientation and motivational climate, achievement motivation, success atribution and enjoyment in an individual sport. Ciencias Aplicadas a la Actividad Física y el Deporte. 2006;83(1): 5-11.
Lochbaum M, Kazak Cetinkalp Z, Graham K, Wright T, Zazo R., Task and ego goal orientations in competitive sport: A quantitative review of the literature from 1989 to 2016. Kinesiology. 2016;48: 3-29.
Lochbaum M, Zazo R, Kazak Cetinkalp Z, Graham K, Wright T, Konttinen N. A meta-analytic review of achievement goal orientation correlates in competitive sport: A follow-up to Lochum et al. Kinesiology. 2016;48: 159-73.
Harwood C. Assessing Achievement Goals in Sport: Caveats for Consultants and a Case for Contextualization. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2002; 14(2): 106-19.
Harwood C, Cumming J, Hall C. Imagery use in elite youth sport participants: reinforcing the applied significance of achievement goal theory. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2003;74(3): 292-300.
Roberts G, Treasure D, Kavussanu M. Orthogonality of achievement goals and its relationship to beliefs about success and satisfaction in sport. The Sport Psychologist. 1996;10 (4), 398-408.
Zizzi S, Keeler L, Watson J. The interaction of goal orientation and stage of change on exercise behavior in college students. Journal of Sport Behavior. 2006;29(1): 96-110.
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Published
2018-09-30
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Cynarski W, Pawelec P, Yu J-H, Slopecki J, Bielec G, Kubala K. Young people practicing martial arts and their perception of success. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports. 2018;22(5):231-6. https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2018.0502
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