IMPACT OF OVERHEAT ON DISABLED SWIMMERS’ SKELETAL MUSCLE STIFFNESS
Authors Prystupa Tetyana
tetyanaprystupa@gmail.com
University School of Physical Education Wroclaw
al. I. J. Paderewskiego 35, 51-612 WrocЕ‚aw, Poland
ORCID: 0000-0002-0219-8845

Abstract Contemporary athletic recovery involves the range of treatments combined with training and restitution processes and are designed to optimize rest as well as minimize the effects of sports overstrain. Sportsmen benefit enormously from recovery treatments during both preparation and competition phases as they help remove frequent pathogenic pre-start conditions which could reduce work capacity and affect adversely results achieved. Purpose: The paper is aimed to specify the impact of overheat on easing the stiffness of disabled sportspeople’s biceps muscle of arm and the central part of the deltoid muscle. It has been assumed that overheating in a Finnish sauna will facilitate muscle condition and recovery of a swimmer’s body. Material: The research involved 20 disabled swimmers - 10 competitors based in the Start sports club in Kalisz and 10 contestants based in Start sports club in Wroclaw. The Tonus-1 myotonometer was used to measure the stiffness of biceps muscle of arm (biceps brachii) and the central part of the deltoid muscle (deltoideus - pars acromialic). The research was carried out in two stages: training mesocycle with no recovery and training mesocycle with recovery. The mesocycles comprised three one-week-long microcycles each. Results: The research proved the overheating to ease rest muscle stiffness . Conclusions: The upshot of the discussion was that the Finnish sauna has a tonic effect on a disable swimmer’s body. Reduction of post work-out muscle stiffness will facilitate effective recovery and bring forward next training activities.
Key words recovery; Finnish sauna; disabled sports; swimming; muscle stiffness;
References

Adams J., Fox R., Grimby G., Kidd D., Wolff H. Acclimatization to heat and its rate of decay in man. Journal of Physiology, 1960, vol.152, pp. 26-27.

Andersen L.L., Andersen J.L., Magnusson S.P., Suetta C., Madsen J.L., Christensen L.R., Aagaard P. Changes in the human muscle force – velocity relationship in response to resistance training and subsequent detraining. Journal of Applied Physiology, 2005, vol.99, pp. 87-94.

Atkinson G., Reilly T. Circadian variation in sports performance. Sports Medicine, 1996, vol. 21, pp. 292-312.

Birch K., MacLaren D., George K.  Physiology of sport [Fizjologia sportu]. PWN, Warszaw, 2008, pp. 29-45.

Bird S.P., Tarpenning K.M., Marino F.E. Designing resistance training programmes to enhance muscular fitness: a review of the acute programme variables. Sports Medicine, 2005,vol. 35, pp.841-851.

Brooks S.V. Current topics for teaching skeletal muscle physiology. Advances in Physiology Education, 2003, vol.27(4), pp. 171-182.

Cheuvront S.N., Haumes K.M. Thermoregulation and marathon running: biological and environmental influences. Sports Medicine, 2001,vol.31, pp.743-762.

Coris E.E., Ramirez A.M., Van Durme D.J. Heat illness in athletes: the dangerous combination of heat, humidity and exercise. Sports Medicine, 2004, vol.34, pp. 9-16.

Czerkawski J.T., Meintod A., Kleiner D. M. Exertional heat illness: teaching patients when to cool it. Your Patient Fitness, 1996, vol. 10, pp.13-20.

Drozdowski S. The hardness and elasticity of the muscles in the aspect of ontogenetic variation and environmental. [Twardość i elastyczność mięśni w aspekcie zmienności ontogenetycznej i środowiskowej]. Antropologia. WSWF, Poznan, 1986, pp. 3-25.

Febbraio M. A. Alterations in energy metabolism during exercise and heat stress. Sports Medicine, 2001, vol. 31, pp. 47-59.

Gandełsman A.B., Makarowa A.I. Nauczno-Issliedowatełskie raboty, GIFK im. P.F. Lesgafta  [Research work SIPC behalf P.F. Lesgaft],  Leningrad, 1976, pp. 503-506.

Gleeson M., Greenhaff P.L., Leiper J.B., Marlin D.J., Maughan R.J., Pitsiladis Y. Dehydration, rehydration and exercise in the heat. Medicina Sportiva, 2001,vol. 2, pp. 99-108.

Gutierrez A., Mesa J., Ruiz J., Chirosa L., Castillo M. Sauna-induced rapid weight loss decreases explosive power in women but not in men. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2003, vol. 7, pp. 518-522.

Hass C.J., Garzarella L., de Hoyos D., Pollock M.L. Single versus multiple sets in long-term recreational weightlifters. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2000,vol. 32, pp. 235-242.

Hopman M T. Circulatory responses during arm exercise in individuals with paraplegia. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 1994, vol. 15, pp. 126-131.

Kauppinen M., Vuori I. Man in the sauna. Annals of clinical research, 1986, vol.18, pp. 173-185.

Kawakami Y., Abe T., Kuno S.Y., Fukunaga T. Training-induced changes in muscle architecture and specific tension. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 1995, vol. 72, pp. 37–43.

Kibier W. B., Chandeleir T. J., Stracenew E. S. Musculoskeletal adaptations and injuries due to overtraining. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 1992, vol. 20, 99p.

Kukkonen-Harjula K, Kauppinen K. Health  effects and risks of sauna bathing. International Journal of Circumpolar Health, 2006, vol. 65(3), pp. 195-205.

Noakes T.D. Exercise and the cold. Ergonomics, 2000,vol. 43, pp. 1461-1479.

Platonow W.N., Sozański H. Optimization of the structure of sports training [Optymalizacja struktury treningu sportowego], Warsaw, 1991, pp. 162-295.

Prystupa E., Migasiewicz J., Seidel W., Prystupa T., Łabuz O., Szczegielniak J. The influence of sport training of disabled swimmers nap the level of tension. Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska. Sect D Med, 60 n. Suppl.16, 2006, vol.6(620), pp. 184-187.

Prystupa T., Prystupa E., Wołyńska-Ślężyńska A., Ślężyński J. Biological regeneration as a factor for muscle strength optimization in upper limbs of  disabled weight lifters cerebral palsy. Journal of Human Kinetics, 2007, vol.18, pp. 121-133.

Prystupa T., Wolynska A., Slezynski J. The effects of Finish sauna on hemodynamics of the circulatory system in men and women.  Journal of Human Kinetics, 2009, vol. 22, pp. 61-68.

Prystupa T., Wolyska-Slezynska A., Slezynski J. The effect of biological restitution on athletic performance in weightlifters with disabilities. Polish Journal of Sports Medicine, 2010,vol. 26 (4), pp. 193-204.

Rehunen S. The sauna and sports. Annals of clinical research, 1988, vol. 20, pp. 292-294.

Ronikier A. Physiology of sport. [ Fizjologia sportu], Sports Centre, Warsaw, 2001, 47 p.

Ross A. and Leveritt M. Long-term metabolic and skeletal muscle adaptations to short-sprint training: implications for sprint training and tapering. Sports Medicine, 2001, vol. 31(15), pp. 1063-1082.

Simons D.G. and Mense S. Muscle tension and its measurement and clinical muscle pain. [Napięcie mięśniowe i jego pomiar a kliniczny ból mięśni]. Rehabilitation Medicine, 1999, vol. 3(3), pp. 48-72.

Sliwiński Z., Halat B. Use miotonometru Shirmai to assess spasticity of the lower limbs in children with cerebral palsy, Department of Rehabilitation Independent Public Health Care Centre [Wykorzystanie miotonometru Shirmai do oceny napięcia spastycznego kończyn dolnych u dzieci z porażeniem mózgowym, Dział Rehabilitacji Leczniczej Samodzielnego Publicznego ZOZ]. Physiotherapy Poland [Fizjoterapia Polska], 2001, vol. 1(3), pp. 261-267.

Smolander  J. Effect of cold exposure on older humans. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2002, vol. 23, pp. 86-92.

Steadward R.D., Walsh C. Training and fitness program for disabled athletes. Human Kinetics, Champaign, 1986, pp. 3-19.

Uilmor Dzh.Kh., Kostill D.L. Fiziologiia sporta i dvigatel’noj aktivnosti [Physiology of sport and motive activity], Kiev, Olympic sport, 1997, vol.61, pp. 169-171.

Ulatowski T. Teoria sportu [ Theory of sport] Moscow, 1999, vol. 2, pp. 182-196.

Yamaski M, Kim K T, Choi S W, Muraki S, Shiokawa M, Kurokawa T. Characteristics of body heat balance of paraplegics during exercise in a hot environment. Journal of Physiological Anthropology and Applied Human Science, 2001, vol. 20, pp. 227-232.
Pages 43-49
Volume 7
Year 2014
doi: 10.6084/m9.figshare.1015582
Title of Journal
ISSN 2308-7269
English ed.Online		 PEDAGOGICS, PSYCHOLOGY, MEDICAL-BIOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF PHYSICAL TRAINING and SPORTS
Article PDF, full text
Journal HTML, Contents
Bibliography Prystupa Tetyana, IMPACT OF OVERHEAT ON DISABLED SWIMMERS’ SKELETAL MUSCLE STIFFNESS. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports, 2014, vol.7, pp. 43-49. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.1015582
License This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.