PHYSICAL TRAINING OF YOUNG BIATHLETES IN STEP PRELIMINARY PREPARATION

Annotation. Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of different allocation of general and special physical training of young biathletes in the preparatory and competitive periods of the annual cycle at the stage of preparation. Material: The study included 24 young athletes (age 13-15 years, have been employed 1 year or more). Results: shows dynamics of the various components of fitness of young biathlon (running at 30 meters from the place of 1000 and 3000 meters, pulling up on crossbeam flexion and extension hand in the emphasis lying down, raising and lowering legs Wies, long jump with space shuttle run 4 x 9 meters). Recommended for general physical training in the preparatory period allocate 65% of the time, a special and comprehensive training 35%. Time on general fitness is distributed as follows: Power 50% of the time, speed and speed-power 25%, the development of general and special endurance 20%, improving flexibility and coordination skills 5%. Conclusions: lessons for biathlon in the early years of training should not be aimed at increasing the level of general and special endurance. In more classes should be directed at improving the physical fitness of versatile, high-speed, speed-strength and power qualities of athletes.


Purpose, tasks of the work, material and methods
The purpose of the work is determination of the most optimal correlation of junior biathletes' physical training means at stage of preliminary basic training.
The tasks of the work: 1.To analyze theoretical-methodic principles of junior biathletes' physical training in preparatory and competition periods of annual cycle.
2. To determine significance of factors, which influence on dynamic of special physical fitness of junior biathletes at stage of preliminary basic training.
3. The object of the research is training process of junior biathletes.
The subject of the research is general and special physical training of junior, 13-15 years old age, biathletes.For solution of the listed tasks we used the following methods of the research: analysis of scientific and special literature; pedagogic observation; questioning of caches-teachers; dynamometry; pedagogic experiment; methods of mathematical statistics.
Our main task was experimental determination of rational correlation of means of junior biathletes' general and special physical training at stage of preliminary basic training.
For solution of this problem we conducted pedagogic experiment.Experimental groups consisted of teenagers of 13-14 years old age, who attended biathlon training not less than one year.In process of groups' completing we paid attention to indicators of height and weight.Tall, thin teenagers with skiing experience were preferable.
Junior biathletes were divided into two groups (12 teenagers in every groups) -control and experimental by anthropometric indicators and by results of testing of special physical fitness.All of them had no statistically confident differences between mean indicators of weight, height, VCL.Backbone strength and age -t was within 0.87-1.86Р0.05.

Results of the research
For analyzing of dynamic of indicators, characterizing junior biathletes' physical fitness, at the beginning and at the end of pedagogic experiment we conducted testing of speed, speed-power qualities, as well as general and special endurance.
Junior biathletes of control and experimental groups were trained in equal conditions on sport training base "Dynamo" (tract "Tokary", Sumy) by one and the same program for second year of CJSS.The difference was only in different distribution of physical training means in preparatory period.
For junior biathletes of experimental group 100% of total time was devoted to general physical training at general preparatory stage (ay, June); 90% -in July.At special-preparatory period (August, September, October_ -accordingly 80%, 70%, 60%; at pre-competition period (November-December) -accordingly 50% and 40%.The rest time was paid to improvement of skiing technique on roller-skies, to fire and complex training.
Junior biathletes were trained as per approved for Ukrainian CJSS program of biathlon: for general and special physical training were devoted, accordingly, 26.6% and 15.4% of total time.For firing and skiing technique was spared accordingly 10.2% and 20.8%.For complex training 20% of total time was paid.
For general physical training in preparatory period in experimental group about 65% of total time was spared; for special and complex training-35%.For general physical training of control group's teenagers about 30% was spared.
Time for general physical training in experimental group was distributed in the following way: 50% of total time -for power training, 25% -for speed and speed-power training, 20% -for training of general and special endurance, 5% -for training of flexibility and coordination (see fig. 1).

Fig.2. Distribution of general physical training means in control group in preparatory period
Training of junior biathletes of experimental group was, mainly, oriented on perfection of power and speed-power qualities.Physical training of control group's biathletes was oriented on increasing of general and special endurance.
For controlling of dynamic of junior biathletes' general fitness indicators in process of pedagogic experiment we used testing of different components of physical fitness: speed, speed-power, power and endurance: 30 meters' run,1000 and 3000 meters' run, chin ups, pressing ups, rising and dropping legs, hanging on horizontal bar, long jump from the spot, shuttle run 4x9 meters.
In table 1 we provide indicators of general fitness of trainees at the beginning of pedagogic experiment.Analyzing testing data of different components of junior sportsmen's general physical fitness, it was noted that between mean indicators of all test exercises, except "chin ups" there were no statistically confident differences: t was within 0.02-1.99 with Р0.05.It witnesses that level of general physical fitness in both groups was approximately the same at the beginning of experiment.If at the beginning of pedagogic experiment there was statistically significant difference between mean indicators of control and experimental groups only in one exercise ("3000 meters' run on ski-rollers") (t -6.39 with Р 0.05) (see table 3) that points at equal character of sportsmen's distribution in groups, then at the end of preparatory period, with repeated testing of the same components we found significant changes of physical fitness's indicators of both groups' teenagers.Analyzing improvement of indicators of different physical fitness's components at the end of preparatory period (see table 4) we can say that the most significant changes of control group's indicators were in such control exercises as 100 meters' run on ski rollers with ascending by 7-8 0 without help of arms, 500 meters' run on ski-rollers on even land and 3000 meters run on ski-rollers.

Indicators
for general physical training in control group was distribute in the following way: 20% of total timefor general physical training, 25% -for speed and speed-power training, 50% -for training of general and special endurance, 5% -for development of flexibility and coordination (see fig.2).

Table 3
Indicators of most important components of special physical fitness at the beginning of preparatory period

Table 4
Comparative characteristics of most important components' indicators (special endurance) at the end of preparatory period-first stage of pedagogic experiment