Complex control of coordination and speed-power abilities in fire-applied sports

Purpose: To identify informative tests for complex control of coordination and speed-power abilities in fire-applied


Introduction
Currently, testing is one of the main methods of pedagogical control of the level of physical fitness of athletes in various sports [1][2][3]. In studies of domestic and foreign experts, the issues of diagnosing coordination and speed-power abilities are represented quite widely [4][5][6]. However, various criteria are used to evaluate them, and there is no one of them that is generally accepted [4,7].
Most researchers suggest using a different number of tests to determine athletic fitness of athletes: from 2-3 to 11-20 [7][8][9]. The entire selection of test tasks should be based on the most significant abilities for each sport. On the one hand, it allows getting a more reliable assessment of the level of development of each individual ability; on the other hand, the positive relationship of the test data with the competitive exercise can be determined [9].
The discussed kind of sport is determined by the peculiarities of the professional activities of firefighters and is associated with the implementation of various techniques at high speed [10,11]. One of the sport exercises is to overcome a 100-meter obstacle course. The effectiveness of competitive activity in this discipline requires high coordination and speed-power abilities [12][13][14]. Therefore, the basis of pedagogical control in fire-fighting athletes is the diagnosis of coordination and speed-power preparedness [12,15].
Despite there are some researches of this issue, we were not able to find scientifically based data for assessing coordination and speed-power abilities with competitive result when overcoming a 100-meter obstacle course in fire-applied sports. This analysis allowed us to determine the relevance of our study.

Material and methods
Participants. The research was carried out on the basis of the Prometey sports complex in Kirov (Russia) among firefighting athletes aged 15-17. In total 38 experienced athletes participated, who have been doing this sport for 5-6 years. All procedures complied with the ethical standards of the 1964 Helsinki Declaration. All parents of participants who took part in the study signed the informed consent.
Procedure. The free interview, as one of the survey methods, made it possible to maximally adapt the questions of the previously prepared interview form. Interviews were conducted according to the professional status of the respondents. The survey involved 16 coaches (Russia) from Moscow, the Moscow region, the Nizhny Novgorod region, the Perm region, the Sverdlovsk region, the Chelyabinsk region, and the Kirov region.
During the study, 20 tests for determining coordination and speed-power preparedness in fire-applied sports were selected. However, only 10 tests showed an average statistical relationship with competitive result when overcoming a 100-meter obstacle course.
For determining the level of coordination preparedness [4,5,15]: 1. Shuttle run 3x10m (s), (r=0,698) [4,5,15]. Task conditions: from the high start by the command "Go!" the athlete ran 10 m at the maximum speed, then the athlete ran around any side of the stuffed ball. Next he came back and again ran around the ball. The third time, after 10 m, he finished. The test result -running time was measured in seconds from the command "March" to crossing the finish line.
2. Double side jump standing on both legs (sm), ORIGINAL ARTICLE (r=-0,680) [5]. Task conditions: the athlete was side standing at the line of the direction of movement. He made two jumps in a row standing on two legs. The result was measured from the beginning of the line to the place of landing. The best result of two attempts in sm was recorded.
Task conditions: the athlete stood on the narrow surface of the bench. For 20 seconds, he made 360-degree turns, alternating left and right. If the athlete lost balance, then he resumed the test. The number of completed turns was recorded to the accuracy of a half-turn.
Task conditions: the athlete was facing the wall at one-meter distance. He held 2 tennis balls in one hand. By command, he threw one ball into the wall one after another. After each hit he tried to catch the ball. This task continued to be completed for 10 seconds. Two trial and two main attempts were given. The number of best caught balls in the best attempt was recorded.
Task conditions: the tested, by command, began to juggle the tennis ball alternately on the right and left sides of the racket for 10 seconds. Two trial and two final attempts were given. The number of punches in the best attempt was recorded.
To determine the level of development of speed-power abilities [8,18,19]: 6. 100 m run from crouch start (s) (r=0,633) [8,19]. Task conditions: from the crouch start position by command, the athlete ran this distance. The time from the "Go!" command until crossing the finish line in seconds was recorded. 7. 30 m run from high start (s) (r=0,689) [8,18]. Task conditions: from the high start by command, the athlete ran this distance. Time from the "Go!" command until the finish in seconds was recorded.
Task conditions: the stood at the line, feet at shoulder length. Three jumps were done alternately from one leg to the other. Landing was on two legs. The result was measured from the line to the place of landing in sm (the heel of the athlete closest to the line). The best result of three attempts was recorded.
When receiving complex information on motor coordination, the main emphasis was on the combined tests or tests of repeated tasks, which also showed their reliability.
For complex assessment of speed-power and coordination abilities, the sport-motor test proposed by E. Zieris in the form of an obstacle course was used [7].
9. Sport-motor test (r=0,697). This test has been modified to reflect the specifics of fire-applied sports to the greatest extent. The test with benches of Ljach is included in this course, but it has been changed since it was used for primary school children [9]. The main difference of the test was that the tested had to run on benches, and not crawl along them in the crawling position.
As a result of the modification, the sport-motor test consisted of the following stages ( Fig. 1): -acceleration; -forward roll; -running on the benches; -going along the gym wall-bars at will; -jumping over the barrier; -running around the medball; -crawling under the barrier; -jump on the hill of mats; -finish. Task conditions. The athlete ran at maximum speed Fig. 1. Sport-motor test START FINISH PEDAGOGY all the distance. From a high start by the command "Go!" after 2 m the athlete did a forward roll. After 3 m he ran on gymnastic benches. The far edge of the second bench was fixed on the gym wall-bars at the height of 120 cm. Over the gym wall-bars he overcame 4 flights. He came down and after 3 m he jumped over the barrier 76 cm high. Again he ran 2 m. He ran around the medball. After 2 m, he crawled under the barrier 120 cm high. After 4 m, he jumped onto sport mats 120 cm high. He jumped and finished after 3 m. The best result of passing the distance in two attempts in seconds was recorded.
To assess the level of coordination, speed-power and professional abilities, the control exercise was developed in the form of a 30-meter obstacle course [12,21,22]: 10. Technical course (s). It was assumed that this course most fully simulates the techniques of firefighters in relation to a 100-meter obstacle course. It requires complex manifestation at the maximum level of all physical and professionally important abilities.
The distance of 30 m consisted of the following tasks ( Fig. 2): -acceleration 10m; -two forward rolls; -connecting two blank caps; -joining the blank cap to the fire manifold; -finish. Task conditions. From the high start by the command "Go!" the athlete ran 10 m. He did two forward rolls mats in a row. He connected two blank caps, which were 20 m from the start line. He ran 5 meters to the fire manifold and attached it to the blank cap, which lay to the right at the distance 50 sm from the ire manifold. Then he finished. The best result of passing the distance in seconds by attempts was recorded. If one of the combinations was not completed, then the control exercise was failed.
Statistical analysis: The use of mathematical statistics methods showed that not a single test has a high correlation with the competitive result [22]. For calculation the Brave-Pearson correlation coefficient was used. The correlation coefficient characterized the linear interrelation, i.e. degree of crowding. The results were processed using Excel. The result was significant at P <0.05.

Results
The true interrelation was determined in 10 tests (p> 0.05). The correlation coefficient was in the range r = -0.618-0.698, which corresponds to the statistical criteria of reliability, objectivity and informativeness. Other tests showed a low correlation coefficient r = 0.3 (p <0.05). (Table).

Discussion
The researches in the field of testing prove the close relationship between leading moving abilities and the competitive exercise in various sports [2,5,23,24].
Some authors argue that the evaluation criteria should be indicators of the effectiveness of the implementation of Integral actions and their combination for a particular sport. However, in some literary sources, tests are presented not as a system of control tests, but as a set of tasks without proper scientific justification [4,25,26]. And it cannot be considered correct.
The authors argue that using one test, even a very complex one, which consists of several motor tasks, it is impossible to obtain accurate, differentiated assessments of the level of development of athletes. Also, according to the results of one or more informative tests, it is wrongful to judge the degree of formation of all abilities [5,7,27,28].
In this regard Russian and foreign colleagues point to the need for complex monitoring. Applied tests should give simultaneous information on the degree of development of leading abilities and competitive results [3,4,27]. Thus, a number of authors indicate the influence of coordination and speed-power indicators on the technical skills of athletes in cyclic sports [5,18].
Currently, the literature has sufficiently fully disclosed criteria for evaluating speed-power preparedness in relation to various sports [23,26]. Nevertheless, the problem of controlling coordination abilities is not yet fully covered [9,29].
Ljach systematized criteria for assessing coordination abilities, which are currently congruent with data received by other authors [6,9,18]. The researchers prove that each criterion is not a single and single-valued indicator characterizing coordination abilities, but they are quite complex and multivalue, because they are specifically manifested in various combinations with each other in any motor activity. Moreover, the quality components of correctness are adequacy and accuracy, of quickness -timeliness and speed, of rationality -expediency, of resourcefulness -initiative [5,6,9]. These assessment criteria are generalizing concepts that are specified in determining the appropriate special and specific coordination abilities [4,9].
However, scientists do not consider them in conjunction with speed-power abilities. Also, in the available literature, we did not find publications containing information on assessing the level of development of speed-power and coordination abilities in fire-applied sports.
In the new study, the static processing method was applied, which allowed to identify informative tests in fireapplied sports. These tests allow diagnosing coordination and speed-power indicators and can be used in a complex study of these abilities.

Conclusion
The results revealed the informative tests for the diagnosis of speed-power and coordination abilities in fire-applied sport. The reliable correlation was found between coordination and speed-power abilities when overcoming a 100-meter obstacle course. It allows us to talk about achieving the aim and complete solution of the research tasks. The results of the study can be applied for firefighters.

Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests.