Combination of varied agility training with small sided games: How it influences football dribbling skills?

Background


Introduction 1
Football is a sport that is often played by all levels of society and is one of the most popular games. Football is a favorite sport for the community, both in cities and villages [1]. Even women are very enthusiastic and participate in this game [2,3], apart from that also men, youth, parents, and children [4]. Football is not only played to pass the time, have fun, and exercise, but it can also introduce and provide pride to the nation and country through successes [5]. Also, encourage better levels of sportsmanship. [6]. Football is used also as a form of recreational sport with an intense and versatile form of exercise with a variety of high-impact actions and is beneficial for bone health [7]. Football has several aspects to support the quality of the game, namely basic techniques, physical conditions, character building and teamwork [8,9,10]. In addition, there are things that must be considered, namely technical, tactical, physical, and mental skills [11]. Furthermore, to be able to play football well, you must have skills or techniques that must be learned and mastered first [12].
A beautiful game in football can be seen if the players master the technique well [13]. Therefore, technique is the main foundation for supporting soccer players to play well [14]. Technique is an element that every player must prepare to be able to play football [15], and is prioritized because it is a serious coaching idea. In addition, in an effort to foster football sports achievements, supporting elements are needed which are very vital [16]. The basic techniques of football consist of kicking, controlling, heading, dribbling, throwing and feinting [17,18]. The basic technique of dribbling is one of the most important skills to master in football [19]. Dribbling is one of the techniques that must be considered by coaches and players to be able to play ball.
The skill of dribbling the ball is a basic technique that must be owned and owned properly by players so that it is easy to process the ball when it is at the feet [20]. Which resulted in the movement of the ball from its original place in order to open up the opponent's defense area [21]. Apart from that, the technique of dribbling the ball can be the difference and advantage of a team in football [22]. Dribbling the ball is done by means of the process of pushing the foot on the ball in close or long distances [23]. Through dribbling techniques players can make it easier to set the tempo, feed, receive the ball, enter the opponent's defense and score as many goals as possible against the opponent's goal [24]. The ability to dribble more quickly will be seen and make it easier to detect level differences professional players and amateur players from an early age of 12 years [25]. Once the technique of dribbling the ball is so important, proper training must be given [26].
Right training method is needed to develop and improve dribbling skills in football so that it can be done properly [10]. The study says that to improve dribbling skills, more varied and continuous training is needed to improve the agility of a soccer team [27]. Because agility training has an effect on improving the dribbling abilities of soccer players [28]. The research study conducted by Rosyadi et al. [29] said that there was a contribution of balance and agility to dribbling skills. The results of subsequent studies said that there was a significant effect of speed, balance and agility training on the dribbling ability of Sapoetri futsal players [30]. Furthermore, the results of the study of Padrón-Cabo et al. [31] revealed that coordination exercises and agility ladders were not effective in improving physical fitness and dribbling in soccer.
Based on the results of the study preliminary through interviews with Pusaka FC club coaches. The problem of soccer dribbling skills is still not monitored. Even though the skill of dribbling soccer is one of the things that supports success [26]. So it needs special training so that dribbling skills can improve. Therefore, the solution offered is a combination of agility variations with small sided games to improve soccer dribbling skills. The use of a variety of exercises is due to the ability to change body position in a short time [32]. Also, can fast and effectively enhance dribbling skills [33]. Although previously conducted research discussing agility variation exercises by Prayoga et al. [34], and small sided games -studied by Doewes et al. [35]. However, researchers have not found an exercise that combines agility and small variations sided games in sports education especially towards soccer dribbling. So this is one of the gaps that can be developed and the importance of this research to be carried out. Based on these problems, this study aims to prove the effect of a combination of agility variation exercises with small sided games on soccer dribbling skills.

Participants
The subjects in this study were athletes of Pusaka FC soccer club aged 18-23 years. Sampling using purposive sampling technique so that 20 athletes are obtained who will be used as research samples. This study was conducted by the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of University. All participants had provided written informed consent.

Research Design
This study used an experimental type with a one group pretest and posttest design. Initial data collection (pretest) is the first step taken in this study in order to have data on the players' initial abilities before being given treatment. In this study, the treatment used variations of agility and small training sided games as many as 12 meetings in accordance with the principles of practice. After the treatment has been given, the last thing to do is posttest.
The instrument used as a pretest and posttest data collector was in the form of a dribbling skill test. In this study to determine dribbling skills in soccer games using a test instrument based on dribbling tests [36]. The instruments used can be seen in Figure 1 as follows.
Statistical Analysis Data analysis in this study used the prerequisite normality test after that the effect test (t) and if the data is not normal then use the non-parametric test with the help of the SPSS Version 26 application

Results
The research was started by conducting a pretest to collect data on Pusaka FC Club players first to find out their initial abilities about dribbling skills in soccer games. Then the players were given treatment in the form of a variety of agility exercises and small sided games, finally doing a posttest to find out their dribbling skills after being given treatment. Based on the results of the analysis in testing the data using the normality test with the one-sample Kolmogorov Smirnov formula. the results of the normality test say that the residual values are normally distributed with a significance value of 0.68 > 0.05, so we will PEDAGOGY continue to use the t test. The results can be seen in table 1.
The results of the analysis using paired test sample t test in table 2 shows a significance value of 0.000 <0.05. Based on these results, it can be concluded that variations in agility training have a significant effect on dribbling skills in soccer games.
Based on the results of the descriptive statistical analysis of the data shown in Table 3, the mean pretest of dribbling skill results is 21.85 while the mean in the posttest of dribbling skills is 17.48, which means that there is an average difference which proves that after being given the treatment of variations in agility and small training sided games there is an increase in football dribbling skills.

Discussion
This study aims to determine the effect of a combination of variations of agility training with small sided games on soccer dribbling skills. Based on the results of the analysis of the research data above, it shows that there is a difference in the mean value at the pretest of 21.85 and the mean value of the posttest of 17.48. As a result, a 4.37 percent increase occurred. The t count results also show that it is greater than the t table, which means that there is a significant effect related to the combination of agility variation exercises with small sided games on dribbling skills in soccer games. Previous research has demonstrated that agility variation workouts [34], and small sided games [35] have a substantial effect on soccer dribbling. Furthermore, the results prove that agility has a significant relationship to dribbling skills [37]. Then reiterated by research of Saputra et al. [33] that the implementation of agility training has an effect on improving dribbling skills in soccer games. This is due to the ability of the player's performance in dribbling according to the ability of action (perception), so that players will be like artists in developing their own skills [38].
Agility is a fast body movement and a change of direction and movement which is a basic component of sports such as football and futsal [39]. Players who have played at the professional level show a faster time during the dribbling speed test compared to amateur players [40], and semi-professional players [41]. Because agility plays a very important role, every player, especially football, needs to practice agility diligently and continuously [42]. Speed and agility have an influence on the level of lower body explosive power and are associated with faster times on sprint tests and changes of direction [43]. Therefore, agility is a movement skill or skill needed by football players to change motion at high speed [44]. There are lots of exercises for agility that can be used, such as three corner drill exercises and zig-zag running [45] to increase Shadow's agility in extracurricular badminton activities). Subsequent research by Domaradzki et al. [46] confirms the significance of mediation analysis in the application of sports training by identifying the most essential   Other studies have shown that zig zag and shuttle runs can help athletes improve their agility [47]. By performing zig-zag running workouts, the muscles become more elastic and the joint space improves, allowing the limbs to swing widely [48]. Therefore, the ability of football players to change direction quickly is one of the important physical qualities and is related to success in football [49].
With good physical quality, fitness will also be good and will certainly affect performance in the game [50][51][52][53]. Furthermore, agility is related to dribble ability in basketball extracurricular kids. Because having agility and arm muscle power allows you to easily control the ball and make more dribbling variants [54]. Furthermore, in order to maintain or win the ball, players must repeatedly accelerate and decelerate unexpectedly, change direction swiftly, jump and land tasks, and be involved in various tackle situations [55]. Soccer players who have good agility, such as being able to change direction and make moves quickly and move quickly and precisely in tight spaces, both with and without the ball [56]. Because speed and agility have a strong and negative relationship with lower body explosive power in each age group [57].
Research results that show there is a significant increase in dribbling results. Provide further references for sports coaches or practitioners based on these findings. That way, variations of agility and small training sided games in soccer games, especially in dribbling ability. However, there are weaknesses in this study, which lie in the activities carried out and the condition of the athletes before conducting the initial and final tests. In addition, athlete endurance can also be one of the factors that affect the results given.

Conclusions
The results of this study have a strong foundation regarding variations in agility and small training sided games that have been discussed in the discussion of the results of the discussion. Based on research results prove that the combination agility variation exercises with small sided Games have a significant effect on soccer dribbling skills. The treatment was given using a variety of agility and small exercises sided games showed an increase after the treatment was completed. The results of this study provide a new reference for coaches and field practitioners as well as sports teachers regarding dribbling skills which can be improved through combinations agility variation exercises with small sided games. Recommendations for further research can use 2 different teams or groups, and the treatment time is more than 12 meetings so that it is clear that the effectiveness of variations in agility training in improving soccer dribbling skills.

Acknowledgement
The author would like to thank all parties for the cooperation so that the research can run well and smoothly. Especially to Pusaka FC club owners, coaches, staff and all players. Hopefully what has been carried out sincerely becomes a useful deed for all of us.