The relationship between the physical activity efficacy and physical activity of the middle school students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2019.0202Keywords:
Adolescence, physical activity efficacy, physical activity, middle school, genderAbstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the physical activity efficacy and physical activity of the middle school students, according to gender and to analyze the relationship between them. Material: The study group consisted of a total of 701 students from three public secondary schools, 343 of whom were female and 358 were male students. In order to determine the physical activity efficacy of the students, the Physical Activity Efficacy Scale was used, while the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children was used for establishing the level of physical activity. In evaluating the data, descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson correlation tests were used as statistical methods. Results: According to the data obtained by the study, the students’ physical activity efficacy was found to be good, with no difference between the females and the males (p>0.05). The students’ physical activity level was average, while the males were found to be physically more active than the females (p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between the physical activity efficacy and the physical activity of the students (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, physical activities should be increased during the time of the middle school, which is a part of the period of adolescence. Besides, in order to enhance their physical activity efficacy, the adolescents should be provided with physical activity environments.Downloads
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References
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3. Sandu P, Cherechesb RM, Baba CO, Revnic RN, Moceana F. Environmental influences on physical activity – Romanian youths' perspectives. Children and Youth Services Review, 2018; (95):71-79.
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https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-40
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https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-3637
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https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000901
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https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0150041
8. Harding SK, Page AS, Falconer C, Cooper AR. Longitudinal changes in sedentary time and physical activity during adolescence. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity [Internet]. 2015 Dec [cited 2019 Mar 15];12(1). Available from: https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12966-015-0204-6
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0204-6
9. Meydanlıoğlu A. Biopsychosocial benefits of physical activity in children. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 2015; 7(2): 125-135.
10. American Heart Association. (AHA) Physical activity improves quality of life. [Internet]. 2015. [cited 2019 Mar 22]. Available from: http://www.heart.org/HEARTORG/GettingHealthy/PhysicalActivity/StartWalking/Physicalactivity improvesquality-of-lifeUCM - 307977_Article.jsp#.Vo7YLcYrK70
11. World Health Organization. Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. Geneva: WHO Press; 2010.
12. Anderssen N, Wold B, Torsheim Y. Tracking of physical activity in adolescence. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2013;76(2): 119-129.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2005.10599274
13. Currie C, Zanotti C, Morgan A, Currie D, Looze M, Roberts C, Samdal O, et al. Social determinants of health and wellbeing among young people. Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study: International report from the 2009/2010 survey. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe, Health Policy for Children and Adolescents; 2012.
14. Dumith SC, Gigante DP, Domingues MR, Kohl HW. Physical activity change during adolescence: a systematic review and a pooled analysis. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40:685–698.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq272
15. McDermott RJ, Nickelson J, Baldwin JA, Bryant CA, Alfonso M, Phillips LM, et al. A community-school district-university partnership for assessing physical activity of tweens. Preventing Chronic Disease, 2009; 6(1): A15.
16. Troiano RP, Berrigan D, Dodd K. W, Masse LC, Tilert T, McDowel M. Physical activity in the united states measured by accelerometer. Medicine Science in Sports Exercise, 2008; 40(1): 181–188.
https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b3
17. Ashford S, Edmunds J, French DP. What is the best way to change self‑efficacy to promote lifestyle and recreational physical activity? A systematic review with meta‑analysis. British journal of health psychology. 2010;15:265:‑88.
18. Petosa RJ, Hortz BV, Cardina CE, Suminski R. R. Social cognitive theory variables associated with physical activity among high school students. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2005; 26: 158-163.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2004-821135
19. Bandura A. Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ.: Prentice-Hall.; 1986.
20. Campbell N, Gray C, Foley L, Maddison R, Prapavessis H. A domain-specific approach for assessing physical activity efficacy in adolescents: From scale conception to predictive validity. Psychology of Sport and Ex., 2016; 22: 20-26.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.05.002
21. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioural change. . Psychological Review, 1977;84(2): 191-215.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.84.2.191
22. Wu T, Pender N, Noureddine S. Gender differences in the psychosocial and cognitive correlates of physical activity among Taiwanese adolescents: a structural equation modeling approach. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2003; 10(2): 93-105.
https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327558IJBM1002_01
23. Bandura A. Health Promotion by Social Cognitive Means. Health Education & Behavior. 2004 Apr;31(2):143–64.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198104263660
24. Shen B, Xu C. Effects of self-efficacy, body mass, and cardiorespiratory fitness on exercise motives in Chinese college students. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 2008; 5(5): 706-718.
https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.5.5.706
25. Kang S, Kim Y. Relationship of social norms and self-efficacy with physical activity in Korean Adolescents. Revista de Psicología del Deporte 2015; 24,(2): 305-310.
26. McAuley E, Mailey EL, Mullen SP, Szabo AN, Wójcicki TR, White SM, et al. Growth trajectories of exercise self‑efficacy in older adults: Influence of measures and initial status. Health Psychology. 2011; 30:75 - 83.
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021567
27. Warner LM, Schuz B, Wolff JK, Parschau L, Wurm S, Schwarzer R. Sources of self‑efficacy for physical activity. Health Psychology. 2014; 33:1298‑1308.
https://doi.org/10.1037/hea0000085
28. Wu TY, Robbins LB, Hsieh HF. Instrument Development and Validation of Perceived Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale for Adolescents. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice,2011;(25):39-54. doı:10.1891/08897182.25.1.39
29. Stutts WC. Physical activity determinants in adults: perceived benefits, barriers, and self-efficacy. Aaohn Journal. 2002; 50(11): 499-507.
https://doi.org/10.1177/216507990205001106
30. Gao Z, Lee AM, Kosma M, Solmon MA. Understanding students' motivation in middle school physical education: examining the mediating role of self-efficacy on physical activity. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 2010; 41(3): 199-215.
31. Bungum TL, Vincent ML. Determinants of physical activity among female athletes. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 1997; 13: 115-122.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-3797(18)30208-3
32. Dilorenzo T M, Stucky-Ropp RC, Van der Wal JS, Gotham HJ. Determinants of exercise among children. II. A longitudinal analysis. Preventive Medicine. 1998; 27: 470-477.
https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1998.0307
33. Garcia AW, Broda MA. Frenn M, Coviak C, Pender NJ, Ronis DL. Gender and developmental differences in exercise beliefs among youth and prediction of their exercise behavior. Journal of School Health, 1995; 65: 213-219.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1995.tb03365.x
34. Reynolds KD, Killen JD, Bryson S.W, Maron DJ, Taylor CB, Maccoby N, et al. Psychosocial predictors of physical activity in adolescents. Preventive Medicine, 1990; 19(5): 541-551.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(90)90052-L
35. Trost SG, Pate RR, Dowda M, Saunders R, Ward DS, Felton G. Gender differences in physical activity and determinants of physical activity in rural fifth grade children. Journal of School Health, 1996; 66: 145-150.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.1996.tb08235.x
36. Zakarian JM, Hovell MF, Hofstetter CR, Sallis JF, Keating KJ. Correlates of vigorous exercise in a predominantly low SES and minority high school population. Preventive Medicine, 1994; 23: 314-321.
https://doi.org/10.1006/pmed.1994.1044
37. Van KDH, Paw MJ, Twisk JW, Van MW. A brief review on correlates of physical activity and sedentariness in youth. Medicine Science in Sport Exercise, 2007; 3(9): 1241-1250.
38. Sallis JF, Prochaska JJ, Taylor WC. A review of correlates of physical activity of children and adolescents. Medicine Science in Sport Exercise, 2000; 32(5): 963-975.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200005000-00014
39. Wu T, Pender N. Determinants of physical activity among Taiwanese adolescents: an application of the health promotion model. Research in Nursing Health, 2002; 25: 25-36.
https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.10021
40. Ryan GJ, Dzewaltowski DA. Comparing the relationship between different types of self-efficacy and physical activity in youth. Health Education Behavior, 2002; 29(4): 491-504.
https://doi.org/10.1177/109019810202900408
41. Kowalski KC. Crocker PRE, Donen RM. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A) Manual. College of Kinesiology University of Saskatchewan; 2004.
42. Sert Z.E. Temel AB. Adaptation of physical activity questionnaire for primary school students to Turkish society: the study of validity and reliability. DEUHYO ED, 2014; 7(2): 109-114.
43. Saygın Ö, Göral K, Bingöl E, Ceylan Hİ. Turkish adaptation of the physical activity efficacy scale: the study of validity and reliability. Uluslararası Spor, Egzersiz ve Antrenman Bilimi Dergisi. 2017; 3(2): 44–54.
https://doi.org/10.18826/useeabd.308845
44. Tabachnick B.G, Fidell LS. Using Multivariate Statistics (sixth ed.) Pearson, Boston: US; 2013.
45. Feltz DL, Magyar TM. Self-efficacy beliefs of adolescents. In: F. Pajares TC. Urdan (Eds.), Self-efficacy beliefs and adolescent development and education. Greenwich, CT: Information Age Publishing; 2006. P. 139–160.
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2019-04-25
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Alpkaya U. The relationship between the physical activity efficacy and physical activity of the middle school students. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports. 2019;23(2):59-65. https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2019.0202
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