Effects of a mixed exercise program on physical and cognitive condition: Differences between older adults with and without dementia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2019.0207Keywords:
combined exercise, performance–oriented balance, cognition, elderlyAbstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of a training protocol on physical and cognitive condition in a sample of individuals dwelling in a health care center for older persons. Material: A 12 weeks mixed motor cognitive training with 8 weeks follow up was performed by 20 individuals with dementia and 20 individuals with intact cognitive state (mean age= 76 ± 7). Main outcome measures included body mass index, performance-oriented balance, frailty, performance in daily activities and mental abilities. Results: At post intervention tests performance-oriented balance improved in both group. There was also a reduction in BMI in the normal group. These changes lasted after 8 weeks of no training. Analysis over time and between groups after the intervention showed a significant change in FR test (p=0.001). Performance-oriented balance was improved in both groups regardless to initial cognitive state and somehow it was affected more in cognitively intact individuals. Conclusion: Although these findings support the dominant effect of our training protocol on physical aspects, the benefits of training on cognition is not decisive.Downloads
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References
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https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/63.1.76
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https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324743
20. Silsupadol P, Siu KC, Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott MH. Training of balance under single-and dual-task conditions in older adults with balance impairment. Physical therapy. 2006;86(2):269-81.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2009.04.017
2. Cadore EL, Rodríguez-Mañas L, Sinclair A, Izquierdo M. Effects of different exercise interventions on risk of falls, gait ability, and balance in physically frail older adults: a systematic review. Rejuvenation research. 2013;16(2):105- 14.
https://doi.org/10.1089/rej.2012.1397
3. Paquette MR, Li Y, Hoekstra J, Bravo J. An 8-week reactive balance training program in older healthy adults: A preliminary investigation. Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2015;4(3):263- 9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2014.06.004
4. Ambrose AF, Paul G, Hausdorff JM. Risk factors for falls among older adults: a review of the literature. Maturitas. 2013;75(1):51- 61.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2013.02.009
5. Lamb SE, Bartlett HP, Ashley A, Bird W. Can lay-led walking programmes increase physical activity in middle aged adults? A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 2002;56(4):246- 52.
https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.56.4.246
6. Hyndman D, Ashburn A, Stack E. Fall events among people with stroke living in the community: circumstances of falls and characteristics of fallers. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2002;83(2):165- 70.
https://doi.org/10.1053/apmr.2002.28030
7. Chang YK, Nien YH, Chen AG, Yan J. Tai Ji Quan, the brain, and cognition in older adults. Journal of Sport and Health Science. 2014;3(1):36- 42.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2013.09.003
8. Woollacott M, Shumway-Cook A. Attention and the control of posture and gait: a review of an emerging area of research. Gait & posture. 2002;16(1):1- 4.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0966-6362(01)00156-4
9. Scherder E, Eggermont L, Swaab D, van Heuvelen M, Kamsma Y, de Greef M, van Wijck R, Mulder T. Gait in ageing and associated dementias; its relationship with cognition. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews. 2007;31(4):485- 97.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2006.11.007
10. Heyn P, Abreu BC, Ottenbacher KJ. The effects of exercise training on elderly persons with cognitive impairment and dementia: A meta-analysis1. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2004;85(10):1694- 704.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.03.019
11. Hauer K, Schwenk M, Zieschang T, Essig M, Becker C, Oster P. Physical training improves motor performance in people with dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2012;60(1):8- 15.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03778.x
12. Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN, Haskell WL, Macera CA, Bouchard C, Buchner D, Ettinger W, Heath GW, King AC, Kriska A. Physical activity and public health: a recommendation from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine. Jama. 1995;273(5):402- 7.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03520290054029
13. Midtgaard J, Rorth M, Stelter R, Adamsen L. The group matters: an explorative study of group cohesion and quality of life in cancer patients participating in physical exercise intervention during treatment. European Journal of Cancer Care. 2006;15(1):25- 33.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2354.2005.00616.x
14. Qutubuddin AA, Pegg PO, Cifu DX, Brown R, McNamee S, Carne W. Validating the Berg Balance Scale for patients with Parkinson’s disease: a key to rehabilitation evaluation. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2005;86(4):789- 92.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2004.11.005
15. Sinoff G, Ore L. The Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index: self‐reporting versus actual performance in the old‐old (≥ 75 years). Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1997;45(7):832- 6.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1997.tb01510.x
16. Mitchell AJ. A meta-analysis of the accuracy of the mini-mental state examination in the detection of dementia and mild cognitive impairment. Journal of psychiatric research. 2009;43(4):411- 31.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.04.014
17. Wernick-Robinson M, Krebs DE, Giorgetti MM. Functional reach: does it really measure dynamic balance?. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 1999;80(3):262- 9.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-9993(99)90136-3
18. Shigematsu R, Okura T, Nakagaichi M, Tanaka K, Sakai T, Kitazumi S, Rantanen T. Square-stepping exercise and fall risk factors in older adults: a single-blind, randomized controlled trial. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2008;63(1):76- 82.
https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/63.1.76
19. Shigematsu R, Okura T, Sakai T, Rantanen T. Square-stepping exercise versus strength and balance training for fall risk factors. Aging clinical and experimental research. 2008;20(1):19- 24.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03324743
20. Silsupadol P, Siu KC, Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott MH. Training of balance under single-and dual-task conditions in older adults with balance impairment. Physical therapy. 2006;86(2):269-81.
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Published
2019-04-25
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Vazini Taher A, Skrypchenko I, Shuba V. Effects of a mixed exercise program on physical and cognitive condition: Differences between older adults with and without dementia. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports. 2019;23(2):96-101. https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2019.0207
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