Comparative study of anthropometric measurement and body composition between soccer players from different competitive levels, elite and sub-elite
Keywords:
morphological characteristics, body composition, male athletes, seniorAbstract
Background and Study Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe anthropometric characteristics and body composition of soccer players from different competitive levels, elite and sub-elite as well as to make comparison between them. Material and Methods: Seventy-seven subjects were enrolled in this study, divided into three groups: twenty-six elite soccer players, twenty sub-elite soccer players and thirty-one healthy sedentary subjects. All subjects were assessed for anthropometric measurements required for the calculation of body composition variables using standardized procedures which were recommended by previous studies. Data was analyzed by using SPSS and the descriptive statistics were expressed as a mean (SD) for each variable, while the ANOVA and the LSD Post Hoc tests were carried out to discover effects of each type of sport. Results: The results showed that a significant difference was found in weight, body mass index, bone content and body fat, while a significant difference was not found in two remaining variables, height and muscle mass. Conclusions: Therefore, these findings may give coaches from the region better working knowledge and thus provide knowledges for soccer experts which will help them to select talented players as best as possible.Downloads
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References
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https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022018000100041
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https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.190308
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https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2018.0201
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https://doi.org/10.1080/15438620600854769
7. Gardasevic J, Bjelica D, Vasiljevic I. Morphological Characteristics and Body Composition of Elite Soccer Players in Montenegro. International Journal of Morphology. 2019; 37(1):284-288.
https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022019000100284
8. Herdy C, Costa PB, Simão R, Selfe J. Physiological profile of Brazilian elite soccer players: Comparison between U-17, U-20 and professionals. Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education. 2018; 2(3):43-47.
https://doi.org/10.26773/jaspe.180708
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ttps://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022018000100041
10. Popovic S, Bjelica D, Jaksic D, Hadzic R. Comparative Study of Anthropometric Measurement and Body Composition between Elite Soccer and Volleyball Players. International Journal of Morphology. 2014; 32(1):267-274.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022014000100044
11. Nikolaidis PT, Vassilios Karydis N. Physique and body composition in soccer players across adolescence. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine. 2011; 2(2):75-82.
https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.34782
12. Björkman I, Ehrnrooth M, Mäkelä K, Smale A, Sumelius J. Talent or Not? Employee Reactions to Talent Identification. Houman Resource Management. 2013; 52(2):195-214.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21525
13. Paillard T, Noé F, Rivière T, Marion V, Montoya R, Dupui P. Postural performance and strategy in the unipedal stance of soccer players at different levels of competition. Journal of athletic training. 2006; 41(2):172-176.
14. Butler RJ, Southers C, Gorman PP, Kiesel KB, Plisky FJ. Differences in Soccer Players' Dynamic Balance Across Levels of Competition. Journal of Athletic Training. 2012; 47(6):616-620.
https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.5.14
15. Mohammed Z. Body composition versus body fat percentage as predictors of posture/balance control mobility and stability among football players under 21 years. Physical Education of Students. 2017;21(2):96-102.
https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2017.0208
16. Gravina L, Gil SM, Ruiz F, Zubero J, Gil J, Irazusta J. Anthropometric and Physiological Differences Between First Team and Reserve Soccer Players Aged 10-14 Years at the Beginning and End of the Season. Journal of Strength and Conditioning. 2008; 22(4):1308-1314.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816a5c8e
17. Akbari H, Sahebozamani M, Daneshjoo A, Amiri-Khorasani M. Effect of the FIFA 11+ programme on vertical jump performance in elite male youth soccer players. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2018; 7(2):17-22.
https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.180903
18. Mišigoj-Duraković M, Matković B, Medved R. Morfološka antropometrija u športu [Morphological anthropometry in sports]. Zagreb, Croatia: Fakultet za fizičku kulturu; 1995.
19. Matiegka J. The testing of physical efficiency. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 1921; 4:223-230.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330040302
20. Gil SM, Gil J, Ruiz F, Irazusta A, Irazusta J. Anthropometrical Characteristics and Somatotype of Junior Soccer Players and Their Comparison with the General Population. Biology of Sport. 2010; 27(1):17-24.
https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.906762
21. Bjelica D, Popovic S, Kezunovic M, Petkovic J, Jurak G, Grasgruber P. Body Height and Its Estimation Utilizing Arm Span Measurements in Montenegrin Adults. Anthropological Notebook. 2012; 18(2):69-83.
22. Popovic S, Bjelica D, Molnar S, Jaksic D, Akpinar S. Body Height and Its Estimation Utilizing Arm Span Measurements in Serbian Adults. International Journal of Morphology. 2013; 31(1):271-279.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022013000100043
23. Masanovic B. Standing height and its estimation utilizing arm spam and foot length measurements in dinaric alps population: a systematic review. Sport Mont. 2018; 16(2):101-106.
https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.180619
24. Almagia A, Araneda A, Sánchez J, Sánchez P, Zúñiga M, Plaza P. Somatotype and Body Composition of the Male University Soccer Team at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Champions 2012-2013. International Journal of Morphology. 2015; 33(3):1165-1170.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022015000300057
25. Masanovic B, Corluka M, Milosevic Z. Comparative Study of Anthropometric Measurement and Body Composition of Junior Soccer and Handball Players from the Serbian National League. Kinesiologia Slovenica. 2018; 24(3):37-46.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022019000200612
26. Krespi M, Sporis G, Popovic S. Exponential versus linear tapering in junior elite soccer players: effects on physical match performance according to playing positions. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2019; 8(1):17-22.
https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.190303
27. Sæther SA. Characteristics of professional and non-professional football players - an eight-year follow-up of three age cohorts. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2017; 6(2):13-18.
https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.2017.09.002
28. Popovic S, Akpinar S, Jaksic D, Matic R, Bjelica D. Comparative Study of Anthropometric Measurement and Body Composition between Elite Soccer and Basketball Players. International Journal of Morphology. 2013; 31(2):461-467.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022013000200016
29. Vila Suárez MH, Ferragut C, Alcaraz PE, Rodríguez Suárez N, Cruz Martínez M. Anthropometric and strength characteristics in junior handball players by playing positions. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte. 2008; 125(3):167-177.
30. Jeukendrup AE, Gleeson M. Sport Nutrition: An Introduction to Energy Production and Performance. Champaign, Human Kinetics, 2009.
31. Darwin C. On the Origin of Species, 1859. London: Routledge, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203509104
32. Tobin WJ. The internal architecture of the femur and its clinical significance: the upper end. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 1955; 37(2):434-434.
https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-195537020-00033
33. Santos-Silva PR, Fonseca AJ, De Castro AW, Greve JMD, Hernandez AJ. Reproducibility of maximum aerobic power (VO2max) among soccer players using a modified heck protocol. Clinics. 2007; 62(4):391-396.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-59322007000400004
34. Polevoy G. Development of the ability to differentiate the parameters of football players’ movements taking into account their typology. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology. 2018; 7(2):26-31.
https://doi.org/10.22631/ijaep.v7i2.268
35. Ramos-Campo DJ, Martínez-Sánchez F, Esteban-García P, Rubio-Arias JA, Bores CA, Clemente-Suarez VJ, Jiménez-Díaz JF. Body Composition Features in Different Playing Position of Professional Team Indoor Players: Basketball, Handball and Futsal. International Journal of Morphology. 2014; 32(4):1316-1324.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022014000400032
36. Arifi F, Bjelica D, Masanovic B. Differences in anthropometric characteristics among junior soccer and handball players. Sport Mont. 2019; 17(1):45-49.
https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.190208
37. Nepocatych S, Balilionis G, O'Neal EK. Analysis of dietary intake and body composition of female athletes over a competitive season. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2017; 6(2):57-65.
https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.2017.09.008
2. Gardašević J, Georgiev G, Bjelica D. Qualitative changes of basic motor abilities after completing a six-week training programme. Acta Kinesiologica. 2012; 6(1):70-74.
3. Gjonbalaj M, Georgiev G, Bjelica D. Differences in Anthropometric Characteristics, Somatotype Components, and Functional Abilities Among Young Elite Kosovo Soccer Players Based on Team Position. International Journal of Morphology. 2018; 36(1):41-47.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022018000100041
4. Aslan A, Salci Y, Guvenc A. The effects of weekly recreational soccer intervention on the physical fitness level of sedentary young men. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2019; 8(1):51-59.
https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.190308
5. Akelaitis A, Malinauskas R. The expression of emotional skills among individual and team sports male athletes. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports. 2018;22(2):62-67.
https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2018.0201
6. Gissis J, Papadopoulos C, Kalapotharakos VI, Sotiropoulos A, Komsis G, Manolopoulos E. Strength and Speed Characteristics of Elite, Subelite, and Recreational Young Soccer Players. Research in Sports Medicine. 2015; 14(3):205-214.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15438620600854769
7. Gardasevic J, Bjelica D, Vasiljevic I. Morphological Characteristics and Body Composition of Elite Soccer Players in Montenegro. International Journal of Morphology. 2019; 37(1):284-288.
https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022019000100284
8. Herdy C, Costa PB, Simão R, Selfe J. Physiological profile of Brazilian elite soccer players: Comparison between U-17, U-20 and professionals. Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education. 2018; 2(3):43-47.
https://doi.org/10.26773/jaspe.180708
9. Gjonbalaj M, Georgiev G, Bjelica D. Differences in Anthropometric Characteristics, Somatotype Components, and Functional Abilities Among Young Elite Kosovo Soccer Players Based on Team Position. International Journal of Morphology. 2018;36(1):41-47.
ttps://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-95022018000100041
10. Popovic S, Bjelica D, Jaksic D, Hadzic R. Comparative Study of Anthropometric Measurement and Body Composition between Elite Soccer and Volleyball Players. International Journal of Morphology. 2014; 32(1):267-274.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022014000100044
11. Nikolaidis PT, Vassilios Karydis N. Physique and body composition in soccer players across adolescence. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine. 2011; 2(2):75-82.
https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.34782
12. Björkman I, Ehrnrooth M, Mäkelä K, Smale A, Sumelius J. Talent or Not? Employee Reactions to Talent Identification. Houman Resource Management. 2013; 52(2):195-214.
https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21525
13. Paillard T, Noé F, Rivière T, Marion V, Montoya R, Dupui P. Postural performance and strategy in the unipedal stance of soccer players at different levels of competition. Journal of athletic training. 2006; 41(2):172-176.
14. Butler RJ, Southers C, Gorman PP, Kiesel KB, Plisky FJ. Differences in Soccer Players' Dynamic Balance Across Levels of Competition. Journal of Athletic Training. 2012; 47(6):616-620.
https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-47.5.14
15. Mohammed Z. Body composition versus body fat percentage as predictors of posture/balance control mobility and stability among football players under 21 years. Physical Education of Students. 2017;21(2):96-102.
https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2017.0208
16. Gravina L, Gil SM, Ruiz F, Zubero J, Gil J, Irazusta J. Anthropometric and Physiological Differences Between First Team and Reserve Soccer Players Aged 10-14 Years at the Beginning and End of the Season. Journal of Strength and Conditioning. 2008; 22(4):1308-1314.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31816a5c8e
17. Akbari H, Sahebozamani M, Daneshjoo A, Amiri-Khorasani M. Effect of the FIFA 11+ programme on vertical jump performance in elite male youth soccer players. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2018; 7(2):17-22.
https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.180903
18. Mišigoj-Duraković M, Matković B, Medved R. Morfološka antropometrija u športu [Morphological anthropometry in sports]. Zagreb, Croatia: Fakultet za fizičku kulturu; 1995.
19. Matiegka J. The testing of physical efficiency. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 1921; 4:223-230.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330040302
20. Gil SM, Gil J, Ruiz F, Irazusta A, Irazusta J. Anthropometrical Characteristics and Somatotype of Junior Soccer Players and Their Comparison with the General Population. Biology of Sport. 2010; 27(1):17-24.
https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.906762
21. Bjelica D, Popovic S, Kezunovic M, Petkovic J, Jurak G, Grasgruber P. Body Height and Its Estimation Utilizing Arm Span Measurements in Montenegrin Adults. Anthropological Notebook. 2012; 18(2):69-83.
22. Popovic S, Bjelica D, Molnar S, Jaksic D, Akpinar S. Body Height and Its Estimation Utilizing Arm Span Measurements in Serbian Adults. International Journal of Morphology. 2013; 31(1):271-279.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022013000100043
23. Masanovic B. Standing height and its estimation utilizing arm spam and foot length measurements in dinaric alps population: a systematic review. Sport Mont. 2018; 16(2):101-106.
https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.180619
24. Almagia A, Araneda A, Sánchez J, Sánchez P, Zúñiga M, Plaza P. Somatotype and Body Composition of the Male University Soccer Team at Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Champions 2012-2013. International Journal of Morphology. 2015; 33(3):1165-1170.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022015000300057
25. Masanovic B, Corluka M, Milosevic Z. Comparative Study of Anthropometric Measurement and Body Composition of Junior Soccer and Handball Players from the Serbian National League. Kinesiologia Slovenica. 2018; 24(3):37-46.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022019000200612
26. Krespi M, Sporis G, Popovic S. Exponential versus linear tapering in junior elite soccer players: effects on physical match performance according to playing positions. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2019; 8(1):17-22.
https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.190303
27. Sæther SA. Characteristics of professional and non-professional football players - an eight-year follow-up of three age cohorts. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2017; 6(2):13-18.
https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.2017.09.002
28. Popovic S, Akpinar S, Jaksic D, Matic R, Bjelica D. Comparative Study of Anthropometric Measurement and Body Composition between Elite Soccer and Basketball Players. International Journal of Morphology. 2013; 31(2):461-467.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022013000200016
29. Vila Suárez MH, Ferragut C, Alcaraz PE, Rodríguez Suárez N, Cruz Martínez M. Anthropometric and strength characteristics in junior handball players by playing positions. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte. 2008; 125(3):167-177.
30. Jeukendrup AE, Gleeson M. Sport Nutrition: An Introduction to Energy Production and Performance. Champaign, Human Kinetics, 2009.
31. Darwin C. On the Origin of Species, 1859. London: Routledge, 2013.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203509104
32. Tobin WJ. The internal architecture of the femur and its clinical significance: the upper end. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 1955; 37(2):434-434.
https://doi.org/10.2106/00004623-195537020-00033
33. Santos-Silva PR, Fonseca AJ, De Castro AW, Greve JMD, Hernandez AJ. Reproducibility of maximum aerobic power (VO2max) among soccer players using a modified heck protocol. Clinics. 2007; 62(4):391-396.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S1807-59322007000400004
34. Polevoy G. Development of the ability to differentiate the parameters of football players’ movements taking into account their typology. International Journal of Applied Exercise Physiology. 2018; 7(2):26-31.
https://doi.org/10.22631/ijaep.v7i2.268
35. Ramos-Campo DJ, Martínez-Sánchez F, Esteban-García P, Rubio-Arias JA, Bores CA, Clemente-Suarez VJ, Jiménez-Díaz JF. Body Composition Features in Different Playing Position of Professional Team Indoor Players: Basketball, Handball and Futsal. International Journal of Morphology. 2014; 32(4):1316-1324.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022014000400032
36. Arifi F, Bjelica D, Masanovic B. Differences in anthropometric characteristics among junior soccer and handball players. Sport Mont. 2019; 17(1):45-49.
https://doi.org/10.26773/smj.190208
37. Nepocatych S, Balilionis G, O'Neal EK. Analysis of dietary intake and body composition of female athletes over a competitive season. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. 2017; 6(2):57-65.
https://doi.org/10.26773/mjssm.2017.09.008
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Published
2019-09-30
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Masanovic B, Milosevic Z, Bjelica D. Comparative study of anthropometric measurement and body composition between soccer players from different competitive levels, elite and sub-elite. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports. 2019;23(6):282-7.
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