The effects of tow protocol cold water immersion on the post match recovery and physical performance in well-trained handball players
Keywords:
cold water, immersion, recovery, handball, physical performanceAbstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare two cold water immersion (CWI) protocols, continuous and fractionated, to optimize the recovery of Handball players after on recovery from exercise resulting in exercise-induced muscle damage. Material: Ten male Handball players (age: 15 ± 1.4 years, mass index: 67.2 ± 5.1 kg, height: 176.6 ± 7.30) voluntarily participated in the study. After three 90-minute training sessions (average heart rate 160 ± 15.81, 156 ± 5.53 and 156 ± 12.24 bpm) per week, participants were divided into 03 groups. The first experimental group (GE1) in continuous immersion (CWIC) of (12 minutes, 12± 0.4° C), a second experimental group (GE2) in fractional immersion (CWIF) of (4 x 2 min at 12 ± 0.4° C + 1 min out of water) and a control group (GC) in passive recovery. Body mass indices (BMI), countermovement (Countermovement jump) and muscle pain (Intensity of pain in the thighs) were measured. Results : The results concerning the percentage differences in the variation of the CMJ occurred respectively at 24h (Z = 12.62, p = 0.004) and 48h (Z = 16.22, p <0.001) compared to the control group. In addition, the results for muscle volume did not report any significant interaction (F (5.64) = 3.42, p = 0.078). The results of both protocols showed their effectiveness in reducing pain intensity by 24 and 48 hours after intense training (F (3.54) = 2.91, p = 0.016, p2 = 0.24). Conclusion: In conclusion, continuous and fractionated cold water immersion is beneficial for neuromuscular recovery 24 hours after intense exercise. The results also demonstrate a rapid recovery of handball players from their physical potential required in high level competitions.Downloads
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References
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https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2016.1102033
3. G. N, Halson SL, Dawson BT. Water immersion recovery for athletes: effect on exercise performance and practical recommendations. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2013;43:1101-1130.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0063-8
4. Hohenauer E, Taeymans J, Baeyens J-P, Clarys P, Clijsen R. The Effect of Post-Exercise Cryotherapy on Recovery Characteristics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS ONE. 2015;10.
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139028
5. Christensen PM, Jacobs RA, Bonne T, Flück D, Bangsbo J, Lundby C. A short period of high-intensity interval training improves skeletal muscle mitochondrial function and pulmonary oxygen uptake kinetics. J Appl Physiol. 2016;120(11):1319 27.
https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00115.2015
6. Leeder J, Gissane C, van Someren K, Gregson W, Howatson G. Cold water immersion and recovery from strenuous exercise: a meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2012;46(4):233 40.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090061
7. Sanchez-Ureña BA, Barrantes-Brais K, Ureña-Bonilla P, Calleja-González J, Ostojic S. Effect of water immersion on recovery from fatigue: a meta-analysis. Eur J Hum Mov. 2015;34:1 14.
8. Higgins TR, Greene DA, Baker MK. Effects of Cold Water Immersion and Contrast Water Therapy for Recovery From Team Sport: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Strength Cond Res. 2017;31(5):1443 60.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001559
9. Murray A, Cardinale M. Cold applications for recovery in adolescent athletes: a systematic review and meta analysis. Extreme Physiol Med. 2015;4:17.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13728-015-0035-8
10. Peiffer JJ, Abbiss CR, Watson G, Nosaka K, Laursen PB. Effect of cold-water immersion duration on body temperature and muscle function. J Sports Sci. 2009;27(10):987 93.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903207424
11. Yanagisawa O, Homma T, Okuwaki T, Shimao D, Takahashi H. Effects of cooling on human skin and skeletal muscle. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2007;100(6):737 45.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0470-3
12. Vaile JM, Gill ND, Blazevich AJ. The effect of contrast water therapy on symptoms of delayed onset muscle soreness. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(3):697 702.
https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200708000-00008
13. Washington LL, Gibson SJ, Helme RD. Age-related differences in the endogenous analgesic response to repeated cold water immersion in human volunteers. Pain. 2000;89(1):89 96.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(00)00352-3
14. Elias GP, Wyckelsma VL, Varley MC, McKenna MJ, Aughey RJ. Effectiveness of water immersion on postmatch recovery in elite professional footballers. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2013;8(3):243 53.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.3.243
15. Montgomery PG, Pyne DB, Hopkins WG, Dorman JC, Cook K, Minahan CL. The effect of recovery strategies on physical performance and cumulative fatigue in competitive basketball. J Sports Sci. 2008;26(11):1135 45.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802104912
16. Rowsell GJ, Coutts AJ, Reaburn P, Hill-Haas S. Effects of cold-water immersion on physical performance between successive matches in high-performance junior male soccer players. J Sports Sci. 2009;27(6):565 73.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410802603855
17. Stanley J, Buchheit M, Peake JM. The effect of post-exercise hydrotherapy on subsequent exercise performance and heart rate variability. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2012;112(3):951 61.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2052-7
18. Argus CK, Broatch JR, Petersen AC, Polman R, Bishop DJ, Halson S. Cold-Water Immersion and Contrast Water Therapy: No Improvement of Short-Term Recovery After Resistance Training. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2017;2016-0127.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0127
19. Ascensão A, Leite M, Rebelo AN, Magalhäes S, Magalhäes J. Effects of cold water immersion on the recovery of physical performance and muscle damage following a one-off soccer match. J Sports Sci. 2011;29:217-225.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.526132
20. Elias GP, Wyckelsma VL, Varley MC, McKenna MJ, Aughey RJ. of water immersion on postmatch recovery in elite professional footballers. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2013;8:243-253.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.8.3.243
21. Machado AF, Ferreira PH, Micheletti JK, de Almeida AC, Lemes ÍR, Vanderlei FM, et al. Can Water Temperature and Immersion Time Influence the Effect of Cold Water Immersion on Muscle Soreness? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2016;46(4):503 14.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0431-7
22. Kwiecien SY, McHugh MP, Howatson G. The efficacy of cooling with phase change material for the treatment of exercise-induced muscle damage: pilot study. J Sports Sci. 2018;36(4):407 13.
23. Stevens CJ, Kittel A, Sculley DV, Callister R, Taylor L, Dascombe BJ. Running performance in the heat is improved by similar magnitude with pre-exercise cold-water immersion and mid-exercise facial water spray. J Sports Sci. 2017;35(8):798 805.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2016.1192294
24. Johnston RD, Gabbett TJ, Jenkins DG. Influence of playing standard and physical fitness on activity profiles and post-match fatigue during intensified junior rugby league competition. Sports Med - Open. 2015;1(1):18.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40798-015-0015-y
25. Rowsell GJ, Coutts AJ, Reaburn P, Hill-Haas S. Effect of post-match cold-water immersion on subsequent match running performance in junior soccer players during tournament play. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2011;29:1–6.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.512640
26. Belkadi A, Remaoun M, Benbernou O. The Perception of the Use of (Ict) on the Acquisition of New Teaching Skills According to (Teachers, Student Trainees). In the Physical Education and Sports. 2017;1: 28-32.
27. Chrara L, A.Raoui R, Belkadi A, Asli H, Benbernou O. Effects of caloric restriction on anthropometrical and specific performance in highly-trained university judo athletes. Arab Journal of Nutrition and Exercise (AJNE), 2018;3:105-118.
https://doi.org/10.18502/ajne.v3i3.3669
28. Ihsan M, Watson G, Abbiss CR. What are the Physiological Mechanisms for Post-Exercise Cold Water Immersion in the Recovery from Prolonged Endurance and Intermittent Exercise? Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2016;46(8):1095 109.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-016-0483-3
29. General Assembly of the World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. J Am Coll Dent. 2014;81(3):14 8.
30. Wilhelm Hoppe M, Brochhagen J, Baumgart C, Bauer J, Freiwald J. Differences in Anthropometric Characteristics and Physical Capacities Between Junior and Adult Top-Level Handball Players. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine, 2017;In Press.
https://doi.org/10.5812/asjsm.60663
31. Karan V, Rakovac A, Karan M, Popović M, Klašnja J, Lukač D. Evaluation of body composition and muscular strength in different sports. Med Pregl. 2017;70(5 6):150 4.
https://doi.org/10.2298/MPNS1706150K
32. Houcine A, Ahmed A, Saddek Z. Designing a Software to Count the Body Composition and Somatotype and its Role in Pursing the Morphological State of Spotsmen. AASRI Procedia. 2014;8:38 43.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aasri.2014.08.007
33. Hammami M, Negra Y, Billaut F, Hermassi S, Shephard RJ, Chelly MS. Effects of Lower-Limb Strength Training on Agility, Repeated Sprinting With Changes of Direction, Leg Peak Power, and Neuromuscular Adaptations of Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32(1):37 47.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001813
34. Katch VL, Katch FI. A simple antrhopometric method for calculating segmental leg limb volume. Res Q. 1974;45(2):211 4.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10671188.1974.10615262
35. Mudie KL, Gupta A, Green S, Hobara H, Clothier PJ. A Comparison of Vertical Stiffness Values Calculated from Different Measures of Center of Mass Displacement in Single-Leg Hopping. J Appl Biomech. 2017;33(1):39 47.
https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.2016-0037
36. Tidhar D, Armer JM, Deutscher D, Shyu C-R, Azuri J, Madsen R. Measurement Issues in Anthropometric Measures of Limb Volume Change in Persons at Risk for and Living with Lymphedema: A Reliability Study. J Pers Med. 2015;5(4):341 53.
https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm5040341
37. Markovic G, Dizdar D, Jukic I, Cardinale M. Reliability and factorial validity of squat and countermovement jump tests. J Strength Cond Res. 2004;18(3):551 5.
https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200408000-00028
38. Simmons G, Cooper S, Research JB, Muse D. Enhancing methods for the delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) pain model. J Pain. 2018;19(3):S81.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2017.12.196
39. Glasgow PD, Ferris R, Bleakley CM. Cold water immersion in the management of delayed-onset muscle soreness: Is dose important? A randomised controlled trial. Phys Ther Sport. 2014;15(4):228 33.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2014.01.002
40. Delextrat A, Calleja-González J, Hippocrate A, Clarke ND. Effects of sports massage and intermittent cold-water immersion on recovery from matches by basketball players. J Sports Sci. 2013;31(1):11 9.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2012.719241
41. Lauber C, Hickle S, Jargstorf J, West C. Effect of Cold Water Immersion or Contrast Water Therapy on Muscle Soreness After Exercise: 3330 Board #235 June 2 2. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2017;49:951.
https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000519594.90624.f3
42. Versey NG, Halson SL, Dawson BT. Water immersion recovery for athletes: effect on exercise performance and practical recommendations. Sports Med Auckl NZ. 2013;43(11):1101 30.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0063-8
43. Ascensão A, Leite M, Rebelo AN, Magalhäes S, Magalhäes J. Effects of cold water immersion on the recovery of physical performance and muscle damage following a one-off soccer match. J Sports Sci. 2011;29(3):217 25.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2010.526132
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2019-09-30
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Mokhtar M, Adel B, Wahib B, Hocine A, Othman B, Mohamed S. The effects of tow protocol cold water immersion on the post match recovery and physical performance in well-trained handball players. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports. 2019;23(6):288-95.
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