Body weight satisfaction and disordered eating among youth who are active in sport in Singapore

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2015.0409

Keywords:

Disordered eating, body weight, satisfaction, youth active in sport

Abstract

Purpose : The research examined the relationship between body weight satisfaction and disordered eating among youth who are active in sport in Singapore. Method : 137 youths (82 boys and 55 girls; age 12-13) enrolled in school sport completed two self-report questionnaires- SCOFF for disordered eating and body weight satisfaction- on two separate occasions that were six months apart (T1 vs. T2). Results : Body mass index for age classifications revealed that 5.1% were severely underweight; 1.5% underweight; 88.3% acceptable weight; 4.4% overweight and 0.7% were severely overweight. Conclusions : (i) the prevalence of disordered eating was 46% at baseline measurement and this remained stable at 45.3% six months later; (ii) there was no sex difference for disordered eating on the two measurement occasions (T1 vs. T2, p>0.05); (iii) the prevalence of youths unsure of their bodyweight satisfaction was 26.6-21.2% which compared to 88.3% adjudged to be of healthy weight; across T1 and T2, more male subjects wanted to gain bodyweight while more female subjects wanted to lose bodyweight; and (iv) subjects who were dissatisfied with their bodyweight had significantly greater odds of being at risk for developing DE. Holistic education programmes based upon body image and nutrition, are recommended.

References

<p>Al Sabbah H., Vereecken C. A., Elgar F. J., Nansel T., Aasvee K., Abdeen Z., Maes L. Body weight dissatisfaction and communication with parents among adolescents in 24 countries: international cross-sectional survey. <i>BMC Public Health, </i>2009, vol.9(1), pp. 52-56.</p>

<p>Association A. P. <i>The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM 5</i>: bookpointUS. 2013, 100 p.</p>

<p>Brener N. D., Eaton D. K., Lowry R., &amp; McManus T. The association between weight perception and BMI among high school students. <i>Obesity Research, </i>2004, vol.12,(11), pp. 1866-1874.</p>

<p>Byrne S., &amp; McLean N. Eating disorders in athletes: a review of the literature. <i>Journal of science and medicine in sport, </i>2001, vol.4(2), pp. 145-159.</p>

<p>Cattarin J. A., &amp; Thompson J. K. A three-year longitudinal study of body image, eating disturbance, and general psychological functioning in adolescent females. <i>Eating Disorders, </i>1994, vol.2(2), pp. 114-125.</p>

<p>Chia M., Leong L.L &amp; Quek J. J.<i> Healthy, Wealthy and Wise: Take Personal Responsibility in Daily Effort for a Life of Wellness.</i> National Institute of Education. 2002, 317 p.</p>

<p>Chia M., &amp; Wang J. Fat, unfit and dissatisfied: relationships between perceived physical self-worth, body weight satisfaction and physical fitness among pupils in primary schools. <i>ACHPER Healthy Lifestyles Journal, </i>2003, vol.50(2), pp. 14-19.</p>

<p>Côté J., Strachan L., &amp; Fraser-Thomas J. Participation, personal development and performance through youth sport. <i>Positive youth development through sport</i>, 2008, pp. 34-45.</p>

<p>Davis C., Katzman D. K., Kaptein S., Kirsh C., Brewer H., Kalmbach K., Kaplan A. S. The prevalence of high-level exercise in the eating disorders: etiological implications. <i>Comprehensive Psychiatry, </i>1997, vol.38(6), pp. 321-326.</p>

<p>Desmond S. M., Price J. H., Gray N., &amp; O'Connell J. K. The etiology of adolescents' perceptions of their weight. <i>Journal of Youth and Adolescence, </i>1986, vol.15(6), pp. 461-474.</p>

<p>DiBartolo P. M., &amp; Shaffer C. A Comparison of Female College Athletes and Nonathletes: Eating Disorder Symptomatology and Psychological Well-Being. <i>Journal of Sport &amp; Exercise Psychology, </i>2002, vol.24(1), pp. 56-62.</p>

<p>du Prel J.-B., Hommel G., Röhrig B., &amp; Blettner M. Confidence interval or p-value. <i>Dtsch Arztebl Int, </i>2009, vol.106(19), pp. 335-339.</p>

<p>Fogelholm M., &amp; Hiilloskorpi H. Weight and diet concerns in Finnish female and male athletes. <i>Medicine and science in sports and exercise, </i>1999, vol.31(2), pp. 229-235.</p>

<p>Fulkerson J. A., Keel P. K., Leon G. R., &amp; Dorr T. Eating‐disordered behaviors and personality characteristics of high school athletes and nonathletes. <i>International journal of eating disorders, </i>1999, vol.26(1), pp. 73-79.</p>

<p>Gallahue D., &amp; Ozmun, J. <i>Understanding motor development: Infants, children, adolescents, and adults</i> (6th Ed.): Boston:McGraw-Hill. 2006, 200 p.</p>

<p>Hausenblas H. A., &amp; McNally K. D. Eating disorder prevalence and symptoms for track and field athletes and nonathletes. <i>Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, </i>2004, vol.16(3), pp. 274-286.</p>

<p>Hautala L., Helenius H., Karukivi M., Maunula A.-M., Nieminen J., Aromaa M., Saarijärvi S. The role of gender, affectivity and parenting in the course of disordered eating: a 4-year prospective case-control study among adolescents. <i>International journal of nursing studies, </i>2011, vol.48(8), pp. 959-972.</p>

<p>Hill L. S., Reid F., Morgan J. F., &amp; Lacey J. H. SCOFF, the development of an eating disorder screening questionnaire. <i>International journal of eating disorders, </i>2010, vol.43(4), pp. 344-351.</p>

<p><i>HPB</i>. <i>Health Promotion Board Singapor</i>e. 2002, Retrieved 15th Feb, 2014, Available at: http://www.hpb.gov.sg/HOPPortal/health-article/HPB-039205 (accessed 10.03.2015)</p>

<p>Kaluski D. N., Natamba B. K., Goldsmith R., Shimony T., &amp; Berry E. M. Determinants of disordered eating behaviors among Israeli adolescent girls. <i>Eating Disorders, </i>2008, vol.16(2), pp. 146-159.</p>

<p>Khor G. L., Zalilah M., Phan Y., Ang M., Maznah B., &amp; Norimah A. Perceptions of body image among Malaysian male and female adolescents. <i>Singapore medical journal, </i>2009, vol.50(3), pp. 303-311.</p>

<p>Kirk G., Singh K., &amp; Getz H. Risk of eating disorders among female college athletes and nonathletes. <i>Journal of College Counseling, </i>2001, vol.(2), pp. 122-132.</p>

<p>Leung S. F., Lee K. L., Lee S. M., Leung S. C., Hung W. S., Lee W. L., Wong H. K. Psychometric properties of the SCOFF questionnaire (Chinese version) for screening eating disorders in Hong Kong secondary school students: A cross-sectional study. <i>International journal of nursing studies, </i>2009, vol.(2), pp. 239-247.</p>

<p>Martinsen M., Bahr R., Børresen R., Holme I., Pensgaard A. M., &amp; Sundgot-Borgen J. Preventing Eating Disorders among Young Elite Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. <i>Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise</i>. 2014, vol.46(3), pp. 435-447.</p>

<p>McCabe M. P., &amp; Ricciardelli L. A longitudinal study of pubertal timing and extreme body change behaviors among adolescent boys and girls, <i>Adolescence</i>, 2004, vol. 39, no. 153, pp. 145-166.</p>

<p>McCabe, M. P., Ricciardelli, L. A., &amp; Banfield, S. Body image, strategies to change muscles and weight, and puberty: Do they impact on positive and negative affect among adolescent boys and girls? <i>Eating behaviors, </i>2001, vol.2(2), pp. 129-149.</p>

<p>Morgan J. F., Reid F., &amp; Lacey J. H. The SCOFF questionnaire: assessment of a new screening tool for eating disorders. <i>BMJ: British medical journal, </i>1999, vol.319(7223), pp. 1467-1471.</p>

<p>Neumark-Sztainer D., Croll J., Story M., Hannan P. J., French S. A., &amp; Perry C. Ethnic/racial differences in weight-related concerns and behaviors among adolescent girls and boys: findings from Project EAT. <i>Journal of psychosomatic research, </i>2002, vol.53(5), pp. 963-974.</p>

<p>Neumark-Sztainer D., Wall M., Larson N. I., Eisenberg M. E., &amp; Loth K. Dieting and disordered eating behaviors from adolescence to young adulthood: findings from a 10-year longitudinal study. <i>Journal of the American Dietetic Association, </i>2011, vol.111(7), pp. 1004-1011.</p>

<p>Østbye T., Malhotra R., Wong H.-B., Tan S.-B., &amp; Saw S.-M. The effect of body mass on health-related quality of life among Singaporean adolescents: results from the SCORM study. <i>Quality of Life Research, </i>2010, vol.19(2), pp. 167-176.</p>

<p>Patel D. R., Greydanus D. E., Pratt H. D., &amp; Phillips E. L. Eating disorders in adolescent athletes. <i>Journal of Adolescent Research, </i>2003, vol.18(3), pp. 280-296.</p>

<p>Peixoto Labre M. Adolescent boys and the muscular male body ideal. <i>Journal of Adolescent Health, </i>2002, vol.30(4), pp. 233-242.</p>

<p>Richards M. H., Boxer A. W., Petersen A. C., &amp; Albrecht R. Relation of weight to body image in pubertal girls and boys from two communities. <i>Developmental Psychology, </i>1990, vol.26(2), pp. 313=317.</p>

<p>Rosen D. S. Identification and management of eating disorders in children and adolescents. <i>Pediatrics, </i>2010, vol.1216(6), pp. 1240-1253.</p>

<p>Rosendahl J., Bormann B., Aschenbrenner K., Aschenbrenner F., &amp; Strauss B. Dieting and disordered eating in German high school athletes and non‐athletes. <i>Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports, </i>2009, vol.19(5), pp. 731-739.</p>

<p>Sanford-Martens T. C., Davidson M. M., Yakushko O. F., Martens M. P., &amp; Hinton P. Clinical and subclinical eating disorders: An examination of collegiate athletes. <i>Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, </i>2005, vol.17(1), pp. 79-86.</p>

<p>Smolak L., Levine M. P., &amp; Thompson J. K. The use of the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire with middle school boys and girls. <i>International journal of eating disorders, </i>2001, vol.29(2), pp. 216-223.</p>

<p>Statistics N. C. F. H. <i>National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, III, 1988-94</i>: National Center for Health Statistics. 1997, 120 p.</p>

<p>Sundgot-Borgen J. Risk and trigger factors for the development of eating disorders in female elite athletes. <i>Medicine &amp; Science in Sports &amp; Exercise, </i>1994, vol.26(4), pp. 414-419.</p>

<p>Sundgot-Borgen J., &amp; Torstveit M. K. Prevalence of eating disorders in elite athletes is higher than in the general population. <i>Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, </i>2004, vol.14(1), pp. 25-32.</p>

<p>Tan A. More Youngsters dianosed with eating disorders,<i> The Sunday Times,</i> 2013, 13th Oct., p. 10.</p>

<p>Ter Bogt T. F., van Dorsselaer S. A., Monshouwer K., Verdurmen J. E., Engels R. C., &amp; Vollebergh W. A. Body mass index and body weight perception as risk factors for internalizing and externalizing problem behavior among adolescents. <i>Journal of Adolescent Health, </i>2006, vol.39(1), pp. 27-34.</p>

<p>Tiggemann M. Body dissatisfaction and adolescent self-esteem: Prospective findings. <i>Body image, </i>2005, vol.2(2), pp. 129-135.</p>

<p>Torstveit M., Rosenvinge J., &amp; Sundgot‐Borgen J. Prevalence of eating disorders and the predictive power of risk models in female elite athletes: a controlled study. <i>Scandinavian Journal of Medicine &amp; Science in Sports, </i>2008, vol.18(1), pp. 108-118.</p>

Downloads

Published

2015-04-28

How to Cite

1.
Michael C, Marcus L. Body weight satisfaction and disordered eating among youth who are active in sport in Singapore. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports. 2015;19(4):51-8. https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2015.0409
Statistics

Abstract views: 373 / PDF downloads: 287