The effect of creatine monohydrate supplement on stroke volume during high intensity aerobic exercise in non active adults
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2018.0301Keywords:
Creatine, Stroke Volume, Cardiac Output, VO2maxAbstract
Purpose: Creatine is the most popular supplement to improve body composition and anaerobic performance. There are some other properties of creatine with regard to fitness and aerobic performance. The purpose of current study is to determination of creatine supplement intervention on stroke volume.Material: 38 inactive adult postgraduate students had been divided (n=20) into two groups where the treatment in weight was 76.34 ± 11.73 and height was 174.89 ± 5.82 while placebo group in weight was 81.83 ± 13.10 and height was 176.29 ± 5.2.Results: The result of this research shows that there is no significant effect on the stroke volume during high intensity aerobic exercise. The results of the data in present study also show that there is no effective intervention by the creatine monohydrate supplement on the stroke volume during exercise. However it is showed that there is an increase of stroke volume from the pre to post test in treatment group while the placebo group does not have any increase and the group’s stroke volume has decreased from the pre test to the post test.Conclusion: Stroke volume normally reduce during final step high intensity exercise. By the way the current research figured that decreasing of stoke volume at final steps of incremental exercise will be with slow latency at resulted by creatine monohydrate supplements.References
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<p>Strong WB, Malina RM, Blimkie CJ, Daniels SR, Dishman RK, Gutin B, et al. Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. <i>The Journal of pediatrics,</i> 2005;146(6):732-7.</p>
<p>Bird SP. Creatine supplementation and exercise performance: a brief review <i>Journal of Sports Science and Medicine.</i> 2003;1:123-32.</p>
<p>Beck TW, Housh TJ, Johnson GO, Coburn JW, Malek MH, Cramer JT. <i>Effects of a drink containing creatine, amino acids, and protein combined with ten weeks of resistance training on body composition, strength, and anaerobic performance</i>. National Strength and Conditioning Association; 2007. </p>
<p>Baty JJ, Hwang H, Ding Z, Bernard JR, Wang B, Kwon B, et al. <i>The Effect of a Carbohydrate and Protein Supplement on Resistance Exercise Performance, Hormonal Response, and Muscle Damage</i>. 2007. </p>
<p>Snow RJ, Murphy RM. Creatine and the creatine transporter: a review. <i>Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,</i> 2001;224(1):169-81.</p>
<p>Schedel JM, Tanaka H, Kiyonaga A, Shindo M, Schutz Y. Acute creatine loading enhances human growth hormone secretion. <i>The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness</i>, 2000;40(4):336-342.</p>
<p>Rawson ES, Persky AM. Mechanisms of muscular adaptations to creatine supplementation. <i>International SportMed Journal</i>. 2007; 8(2): 43-53.</p>
<p>Sullivan MJ, Higginbotham MB, Cobb FR. Exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure delays ventilatory anaerobic threshold and improves submaximal exercise performance. <i>Circulation</i>, 1989;79(2):324-9.</p>
<p>Sullivan MJ, Higginbotham MB, Cobb FR. Exercise training in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Hemodynamic and metabolic effects. <i>Circulation,</i> 1988;78(3):506-15.</p>
<p>Alexander JK, Hartley LH, Modelski M, Grover RF. Reduction of stroke volume during exercise in man following ascent to 3,100 m altitude<i>. Journal of Applied Physiology,</i> 1967;23(6):849-58.</p>
<p>Ju J-S, Smith JL, Oppelt PJ, Fisher JS. Creatine feeding increases GLUT4 expression in rat skeletal muscle. <i>Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.</i> 2005;288(2):E347-52.</p>
<p>Boulianne M, Hunter DB, Physick-Sheard PW, Viel L, Julian RJ. Effect of exercise on cardiac output and other cardiovascular parameters of heavy turkeys and relevance to the sudden death syndrome. <i>Avian Diseases,</i> 1993;37(1):98-106.</p>
<p>Thomas CB, Bateman JL, Lindberg EF, Bornhold HJ. Observations on the individual effects of smoking on the blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output of healthy young adults. <i>Annals of internal medicine,</i> 1956;44(5):874-92.</p>
<p>Curtis BM, O'keefe JH. <i>Autonomic tone as a cardiovascular risk factor: the dangers of chronic fight or flight</i>. Mayo Clinic Proceedings; 2002.</p>
<p>Wildman REC, Ciliberti L, Sanders C. Creatine Supplementation and Preliminary Echocardiographic Assessment in Young Males. <i>Journal of Nutraceuticals, Functional and Medical Foods,</i> 2003;4(2):29-35.</p>
<p>Khanina Ya N, Savelyev VA, Vikulova OV. Effects of exogenous creatine phosphate on electrophysiological myocardial parameters in overload heart failure. <i>Kardiologiya</i>. 1992;32(5):49-51.</p>
<p>Crisafulli A, Piras F, Chiappori P, Vitelli S, Caria MA, Lobina A, et al. Estimating stroke volume from oxygen pulse during exercise. <i>Physiological Measurement,</i> 2007;28(10):1201-12.</p>
<p>Gonzalez-Alonso J. Point:Counterpoint: Stroke volume does/does not decline during exercise at maximal effort in healthy individuals. <i>J Appl Physiol</i>. 2008;104(1):275-6.</p>
<p>Spina RJ, Ogawa T, Martin WH, 3rd, Coggan AR, Holloszy JO, Ehsani AA. Exercise training prevents decline in stroke volume during exercise in young healthy subjects. <i>J Appl Physiol</i>. 1992;72(6):2458-62.</p>
<p>Strong WB, Malina RM, Blimkie CJ, Daniels SR, Dishman RK, Gutin B, et al. Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. <i>The Journal of pediatrics,</i> 2005;146(6):732-7.</p>
<p>Bird SP. Creatine supplementation and exercise performance: a brief review <i>Journal of Sports Science and Medicine.</i> 2003;1:123-32.</p>
<p>Beck TW, Housh TJ, Johnson GO, Coburn JW, Malek MH, Cramer JT. <i>Effects of a drink containing creatine, amino acids, and protein combined with ten weeks of resistance training on body composition, strength, and anaerobic performance</i>. National Strength and Conditioning Association; 2007. </p>
<p>Baty JJ, Hwang H, Ding Z, Bernard JR, Wang B, Kwon B, et al. <i>The Effect of a Carbohydrate and Protein Supplement on Resistance Exercise Performance, Hormonal Response, and Muscle Damage</i>. 2007. </p>
<p>Snow RJ, Murphy RM. Creatine and the creatine transporter: a review. <i>Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,</i> 2001;224(1):169-81.</p>
<p>Schedel JM, Tanaka H, Kiyonaga A, Shindo M, Schutz Y. Acute creatine loading enhances human growth hormone secretion. <i>The Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness</i>, 2000;40(4):336-342.</p>
<p>Rawson ES, Persky AM. Mechanisms of muscular adaptations to creatine supplementation. <i>International SportMed Journal</i>. 2007; 8(2): 43-53.</p>
<p>Sullivan MJ, Higginbotham MB, Cobb FR. Exercise training in patients with chronic heart failure delays ventilatory anaerobic threshold and improves submaximal exercise performance. <i>Circulation</i>, 1989;79(2):324-9.</p>
<p>Sullivan MJ, Higginbotham MB, Cobb FR. Exercise training in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Hemodynamic and metabolic effects. <i>Circulation,</i> 1988;78(3):506-15.</p>
<p>Alexander JK, Hartley LH, Modelski M, Grover RF. Reduction of stroke volume during exercise in man following ascent to 3,100 m altitude<i>. Journal of Applied Physiology,</i> 1967;23(6):849-58.</p>
<p>Ju J-S, Smith JL, Oppelt PJ, Fisher JS. Creatine feeding increases GLUT4 expression in rat skeletal muscle. <i>Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab.</i> 2005;288(2):E347-52.</p>
<p>Boulianne M, Hunter DB, Physick-Sheard PW, Viel L, Julian RJ. Effect of exercise on cardiac output and other cardiovascular parameters of heavy turkeys and relevance to the sudden death syndrome. <i>Avian Diseases,</i> 1993;37(1):98-106.</p>
<p>Thomas CB, Bateman JL, Lindberg EF, Bornhold HJ. Observations on the individual effects of smoking on the blood pressure, heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output of healthy young adults. <i>Annals of internal medicine,</i> 1956;44(5):874-92.</p>
<p>Curtis BM, O'keefe JH. <i>Autonomic tone as a cardiovascular risk factor: the dangers of chronic fight or flight</i>. Mayo Clinic Proceedings; 2002.</p>
<p>Wildman REC, Ciliberti L, Sanders C. Creatine Supplementation and Preliminary Echocardiographic Assessment in Young Males. <i>Journal of Nutraceuticals, Functional and Medical Foods,</i> 2003;4(2):29-35.</p>
<p>Khanina Ya N, Savelyev VA, Vikulova OV. Effects of exogenous creatine phosphate on electrophysiological myocardial parameters in overload heart failure. <i>Kardiologiya</i>. 1992;32(5):49-51.</p>
<p>Crisafulli A, Piras F, Chiappori P, Vitelli S, Caria MA, Lobina A, et al. Estimating stroke volume from oxygen pulse during exercise. <i>Physiological Measurement,</i> 2007;28(10):1201-12.</p>
<p>Gonzalez-Alonso J. Point:Counterpoint: Stroke volume does/does not decline during exercise at maximal effort in healthy individuals. <i>J Appl Physiol</i>. 2008;104(1):275-6.</p>
<p>Spina RJ, Ogawa T, Martin WH, 3rd, Coggan AR, Holloszy JO, Ehsani AA. Exercise training prevents decline in stroke volume during exercise in young healthy subjects. <i>J Appl Physiol</i>. 1992;72(6):2458-62.</p>
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2018-06-30
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Amani AR. The effect of creatine monohydrate supplement on stroke volume during high intensity aerobic exercise in non active adults. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports. 2018;22(3):120-3. https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2018.0301
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