2 x 2 achievement goals profilEs in chilean CompetiTIve and recreational athletes: a first look
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2016.0106Keywords:
approach, avoidance, achievement, goalsAbstract
Purpose: was to examine the 2 x 2 achievement goal profiles of Chilean young adults regularly participating in competitive and recreational sport. Materials: participants were 108 female and 132 males who were recruited from the Valparaiso and Viña del Mar areas of Chile. Participants completed a valid and reliable measure of the 2 x 2 achievement goals referenced to sport participation. Results: indicated that the entire sample significantly ( p - .05) and very meaningfully (Hedges’ g range 1.13 - 2.91) endorsed the mastery-approach goal more so than the other three achievement goals. Male participants significantly ( p - .05) endorsed both approach goals and the mastery goal contrast more so than the female participants. These differences approached medium in meaningfulness (Hedges’ g range .40 - .46). Significant differences did not exist between competitive and recreational athletes on any of the achievement goals or goal contrasts. Confirming the lack of significant differences were the computed small to negligible in magnitude effect sizes. Conclusions: the present data were a first look into profiling sport participants on the 2 x 2 achievement goals in Chile. Given this sample of Chilean participants endorsed the performance goals far less than found in the sport psychology 2 x 2 achievement goal literature, more research is needed before these results are generalized to Chilean sport participants. Future research must also examine the relationships of antecedents and consequences to the 2 x 2 achievement goals to advance sport psychology in Chile.Downloads
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References
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<p>20. Stoeber J, Crombie R. Achievement goals and championship performance: Predicting absolute performance and qualification success. <i>Psychology of Sport and Exercise</i>. 2010;11(6): 513-521.</p>
<p>21. Ryska TA, Yin Z. Dispositional and situational goal orientations as discriminators among recreational and competitive league athletes. <i>The Journal of Social Psychology</i>. 1999;139(3): 335-342. </p>
<p>22. Lochbaum M, Litchfield K, Podlog L, Lutz R. Extraversion, emotional instability, and self-reported exercise: The mediating effects of approach-avoidance achievement goals. <i>Journal of Sport and Health Science</i>. 2013;2(3): 176-183. </p>
<p>23. Lochbaum M, Podlog L, Litchfield K, Surles J, Hilliard S. Stage of physical activity and approach-avoidance achievement goals in university students. <i>Psychology of Sport and Exercise</i>. 2013;14(2): 161-168. </p>
<p>24. Lochbaum M, Stevenson S, Hilario D. Achievement goals, thoughts about intense physical activity, and exerted effort: a mediational analysis. <i>Journal of Sport Behavior</i>. 2009;32(1): 53-68.</p>
<p>25. Murcia JAM, Camacho AS, Rodríguez JMM. Prognostic of the perceived competence through motivation in practitioners of physical exercise. <i>Fitness and Performance Journal</i>. 2008;7(6): 357-365.</p>
<p>26. Kim BJ, Williams L, Gill D. A cross-cultural study of achievement orientation and intrinsic motivation in young USA and Korean athletes. <i>International Journal of Sport Psychology</i>. 2003;34(2): 168-184.</p>
<p>2. Kazak Çetinkalp Z. Achievement goals and physical self-perceptions of adolescent athletes. <i>Social Behavior and Personality</i>. 2012;40(3): 473-480.</p>
<p>3. Castillo I, Duda JL, Álvarez MS, Mercé J, Balaguer I. Motivational climate, approach-avoidance achievement goals and well-being in young soccer players. <i>Revista De Psicologia Del Deporte</i>. 2011;20(1): 149-164. </p>
<p>4. Lochbaum M, Smith C. Making the cut and winning a golf putting championship: the role of approach-avoidance achievement goals. <i>International Journal of Golf Science</i>. 2015;4(1): 50-66.</p>
<p>5. Ames C. Classrooms: Goals, structures, and student motivation. <i>Journal of Educational Psychology</i>. 1992;84(3): 261-271.</p>
<p>6. Dweck CS, Leggett E. A social-cognitive approach to motivation and personality. <i>Psychological Review</i>. 1988;95(2): 256-273. </p>
<p>7. Nicholls J. Achievement motivation: Conceptions of ability, subjective experience, task choice, and performance. <i>Psychological Review</i>. 1984;91(3): 328-346. </p>
<p>8. Lochbaum M, Kazak Çetinkalp Z, Graham KA, Wright T. <i>Task and ego goal orientations in the competitive sport contexts: A quantitative review of the literature from 1989 – 2015</i>. Manuscript under review.</p>
<p>9. Elliot AJ, Harackiewicz JM. Approach and avoidance achievement goals and intrinsic motivation: A mediational analysis. <i>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology</i>. 1996;70(3): 461–475.</p>
<p>10. Elliot AJ, Church MA. Hierarchical model of approach and avoidance achievement motivation. <i>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology</i>. 1997;72(1): 218–232.</p>
<p>11. Elliot AJ, McGregor HA, Gable SL. Achievement goals, study strategies, and exam performance: A mediational analysis. <i>Journal of Educational Psychology</i>. 1999;91(3): 549-563.</p>
<p>12. Lochbaum M, Stevenson S. Effects of achievement goals on perceptions of success and achievement emotions in minority children. <i>Kinesiology</i>. 2014;46(2): 202-209.</p>
<p>13. Elliot, AJ, McGregor, HA. A 2 x 2 achievement goal framework. <i>Journal of Personality and Social Psychology</i>. 2001;80(3): 501–519.</p>
<p>14. Lochbaum M, Gottardy J. A meta-analytic review of the approach-avoidance achievement goals and performance relationships in the sport psychology literature. <i>Journal of Sport and Health Science</i>. 2015;4(2): 164–173.</p>
<p>15. Lochbaum M, Jean-Noel J, Pinar C, Gilson T. A meta-analytic review of Elliot’s (1999) Hierarchical Model of Approach and Avoidance Motivation in the sport, physical activity, and physical education literature. <i>Journal of Sport and Health Science</i> [Internet]. 2015 Nov [cited 2016 Jan 30]; Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2095254615001234</p>
<p>16. Conroy DE, Elliot AJ, Hofer SM. A 2 x 2 achievement goals questionnaire for sport: Evidence for factorial invariance, temporal stability, and external validity. <i>Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology</i>. 2003;25(4): 456 – 476.</p>
<p>17. Cohen J. <i>Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences</i> (2nd ed.). 1988. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.</p>
<p>18. Green SB, Salkind NJ. <i>Using SPSS for Windows and Macintosh: Analyzing and understanding data</i> (5th ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall: Upper Saddle River, NJ; 2008.</p>
<p>19. Yeatts PE, Lochbaum M. Coping in sport: A test of Elliot’s hierarchical model of approach and avoidance motivation. <i>Kinesiology</i>. 2013;45(2): 186-193. </p>
<p>20. Stoeber J, Crombie R. Achievement goals and championship performance: Predicting absolute performance and qualification success. <i>Psychology of Sport and Exercise</i>. 2010;11(6): 513-521.</p>
<p>21. Ryska TA, Yin Z. Dispositional and situational goal orientations as discriminators among recreational and competitive league athletes. <i>The Journal of Social Psychology</i>. 1999;139(3): 335-342. </p>
<p>22. Lochbaum M, Litchfield K, Podlog L, Lutz R. Extraversion, emotional instability, and self-reported exercise: The mediating effects of approach-avoidance achievement goals. <i>Journal of Sport and Health Science</i>. 2013;2(3): 176-183. </p>
<p>23. Lochbaum M, Podlog L, Litchfield K, Surles J, Hilliard S. Stage of physical activity and approach-avoidance achievement goals in university students. <i>Psychology of Sport and Exercise</i>. 2013;14(2): 161-168. </p>
<p>24. Lochbaum M, Stevenson S, Hilario D. Achievement goals, thoughts about intense physical activity, and exerted effort: a mediational analysis. <i>Journal of Sport Behavior</i>. 2009;32(1): 53-68.</p>
<p>25. Murcia JAM, Camacho AS, Rodríguez JMM. Prognostic of the perceived competence through motivation in practitioners of physical exercise. <i>Fitness and Performance Journal</i>. 2008;7(6): 357-365.</p>
<p>26. Kim BJ, Williams L, Gill D. A cross-cultural study of achievement orientation and intrinsic motivation in young USA and Korean athletes. <i>International Journal of Sport Psychology</i>. 2003;34(2): 168-184.</p>
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Published
2016-02-28
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Lochbaum MR, Jean-Noel J, Çetinkalp ZK, Vallejo-Reyes FA, Mena-Campbell J. 2 x 2 achievement goals profilEs in chilean CompetiTIve and recreational athletes: a first look. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports. 2016;20(1):41-6. https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2016.0106
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