Сучасні проблеми вдосконалення технічної майстерності висококваліфікованих спортсменів у легкій атлетиці
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2016.0204Ключові слова:
технічна майстерність, технічна підготовка, висококваліфіковані спортсмени, тренувальні засобиАнотація
Мета: вдосконалення технічної майстерності спортсменів високої кваліфікації в змагальних видах легкої атлетики. Матеріал: систематизовані дані більш ніж 60 літературних джерел. Проведене експертне опитування 36 тренерів, які мають досвід роботи зі спортсменами високої кваліфікації; проаналізовані документи планування тренувального процесу; здійснено аналіз щоденників спортсменів (n = 244). Результати: Представлені основні положення вдосконалення технічної майстерності спортсменів та висвітлено особливості методики технічної підготовки. Встановлено основні пріоритети побудови технічної підготовки легкоатлетів на кожному етапі багаторічного вдосконалення. Визначено динаміку обсягу змагальної практики та основні вимоги до підбору тренувальних засобів технічної спрямованості. Доповнені дані, що стосуються біомеханічних критеріїв оцінки технічної майстерності спортсменів. Висновки: ефективність методики тренування спортсменів визначається реалізацією технічного потенціалу попередніх етапів підготовки в кінцевий змагальний результат. Цього можна досягти за рахунок визначення раціонального співвідношення засобів і методів різної спрямованості.Посилання
<p>1. Alabin VG. K probleme trenirovochnykh zadanij kak elementa struktury trenirovochnogo processa v sporte [On the problem of training tasks as element of training process structure in sports]. <i>Teoriia i praktika fizicheskoj kul'tury,</i> 1996; 12: 30-31. (in Russian)</p>
<p>2. Balahnichev VV, Suslov FP, Shustin BN. Postroenie etapa neposredstvennoj podgotovki vysokokvalificirovannykh legkoatletov k glavnym sorevnovaniiam goda [Building of stage of elite light athletes’ direct preparation for main competitions of year]. <i>Nauchnye trudy VNIIFK</i>, 1996;1:32-41. (in Russian)</p>
<p>3. Balsevich VK. Ob evoliucionnom podkhode k razrabotke biomekhanicheskikh osnov vysshego sportivnogo masterstva [On evolution approach to working out of biomechanical principles of elite sportsmanship]. <i>Teoriia i praktika fizicheskoj kul'tury</i>, 1975; 11: 71 - 74. (in Russian)</p>
<p>4. Balsevich VK. Kontury novoj strategii podgotovki sportsmenov olimpijskogo klassa [Outline of new strategy of Olympic class sportsmen’s training]. <i>Teoriia i praktika fizicheskoj kul'tury</i>, 2001; 4: 9-10. (in Russian) </p>
<p>5. Bobrovnik VI. <i>Sovershenstvovanie tekhnicheskogo masterstva sportsmenov vysokoj kvalifikacii v legkoatleticheskikh sorevnovatel'nykh pryzhkakh</i> [Perfection of elite sportsmen’s technical skillfulness in light athletic competition jumps], Kiev: Scientific World; 2005. (in Russian)</p>
<p>6. Bondarchuk AP. <i>Upravlenie trenirovochnym processom sportsmenov vysokogo klassa</i> [Control over elite sportsmen’s training process], Moscow: Olympia Press; 2007. (in Russian)</p>
<p>7. Verkhoshansky YV. <i>Osnovy special'noj fizicheskoj podgotovki sportsmenov</i> [Principles of sportsmen’s special physical training], Moscow: Soviet sport; 2014. (in Russian)</p>
<p>8. Donskoy DD. <i>Zakony dvizhenij v sporte</i> [Motor laws in sports], Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport; 1968. (in Russian)</p>
<p>9. Donskoy DD, Zatsiorsky VM. <i>Biomekhanika</i> [Biomechanics], Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport; 1979. (in Russian)</p>
<p>10. Diachkov VM. <i>Sovershenstvovanie tekhnicheskogo masterstva sportsmenov</i> [Perfection of sportsmen’s technical skillfulness], Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport; 1972. (in Russian)</p>
<p>11. Diachkov VM. <i>Celevye parametry upravleniia tekhniko-fizicheskim sovershenstvovaniem sportsmenov, specializiruiushchikhsia v skorostno-silovykh vidakh sporta</i> [Targeted parameters of monitoring of sportsmen, who specialize in sped-power kinds of sports, technical-physical perfection]. Moscow; 1984. (in Russian)</p>
<p>12. Zotko R. Vzaimosviaz' special'noj silovoj i tekhnicheskoj podgotovki v trenirovke legkoatletov [Interconnection of special power and technical training of light athletes], <i>Biulleten</i>, 2000;2(4):205-206. (in Russian)</p>
<p>13. Khomenkov LS. <i>Kniga trenera po legkoj atletike</i> [Coach’s handbook on light athletic], Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport; 1987. (in Russian)</p>
<p>14. Kolot A. Kontrol' tekhnicheskoj podgotovlennosti kvalificirovannykh prygunov trojnym pryzhkom s razbega na etape maksimal'noj realizacii individual'nykh vozmozhnostej [Control of elite triple jumpers’ from run technical fitness at stage of maximal realization of individual potentials]. <i>Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports</i>, 2005; 18: 65-79. (in Russian)</p>
<p>15. Korobenko VA. Dinamika pokazatelej special'noj fizicheskoj podgotovlennosti prygunov trojnym pryzhkom s razbega vysokoj kvalifikacii v godichnom cikle podgotovki [Dynamic of special physical fitness indicators in elite triple jumpers from run in annual training cycle]. <i>Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports</i>, 2006; 7: 55-60. (in Russian)</p>
<p>16. Kreer VA<i>. Trojnoj pryzhok</i> [Triple jump], Moscow, Physical Education and Sports; 1980 (in Russian)</p>
<p>17. Kuznetsov V.V. Problemy skorostno-silovoj podgotovki kvalificirovannykh sportsmenov [Problms of elite sportsmen’s speed-power training], Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport; 1971 (in Russian)</p>
<p>18. Laputin AN. Sovershenstvovanie tekhnicheskogo masterstva sportsmenov vysokoj kvalifikacii [Perfection of elite sportsmen’s technical skillfulness], <i>Nauka v olimpijskom sporte</i>, 1997; 1: 78-83. (in Russian)</p>
<p>19. Levchenko AV, Matveev AE. Skorostno-silovaia podgotovka prygunov [Sped-power training of jumpers]. <i>Legkaia atletika</i>, 1986; 12: 10-11. (in Russian)</p>
<p>20. Ozolin NG, Voronkin VI, Primakov YN<i>. Legkaia atletika</i> [Track and field], Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport; 1989. (in Russian)</p>
<p>21. Stryzhak AP, Aleksandrov OI, Sidorenko SP, Petrov VP. <i>Legkoatleticheskie pryzhki</i> [Light athletic jumps], Kyiv, Health; 1989. (in Russian)</p>
<p>22. Matveev LP. <i>Problema periodizacii sportivnoj trenirovki</i> [Problem of sports training periodization], Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport; 1965. (in Russian)</p>
<p>23. Matveev LP. <i>Teoriia sporta</i> [Theory of sports], Moscow: Military Publishing; 1997. (in Russian)</p>
<p>24. Mironenko IN. Evoliuciia dvigatel'nykh dejstvij v pryzhkovykh lokomociiakh cheloveka [Evolution of motor actions in human jump locomotion]. <i>Nauchnaia konferenciia “Sovremennyj vzgliad na podgotovku legkoatletov”</i> [Modern view at light athletes’ training], Moscow; 2006. p. 127-148. (in Russian)</p>
<p>25. Mikich MS. Problemi shvidkisno-silovoi pidgotovki v legkij atletici [Problems of speed-power training in light athletic].<i> Naukovo-praktichna konferenciia z legkoi atletiki </i>[Scientific-practical conference on light athletic], Lviv; 1999. p. 49-50. (in Ukrainian)</p>
<p>26. Oganjanov AL. <i>Upravlenie podgotovkoj kvalificirovannykh legkoatletov-prygunov</i> [Control over training of elite light athletes-jumpers], Moscow: Physical Culture; 2005. (in Russian)</p>
<p>27. Ozolin NG. <i>Sovremennaia sistema sportivnoj trenirovki</i> [Modern system of sports training], Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport; 1970 (in Russian)</p>
<p>28. Platonov VN. <i>Sistema podgotovki sportsmenov v olimpijskom sporte</i> [The system of preparation of sportsmen in Olympic sport], Kiev: Olympic Literature; 2004. (in Russian)</p>
<p>29. Platonov V.N. <i>Periodizaciia sportivnoj trenirovki</i> [Periodization in sports training], Kiev: Olympic Literature; 2014 (in Russian)</p>
<p>30. Popov VB. <i>Sistema special'nykh uprazhnenij v podgotovke legkoatletov</i> [System of special exercises in training of light athletes], Moscow: Olympia Press; 2006 (in Russian)</p>
<p>31. Pyanzin AI. <i>Sportivnaia podgotovka legkoatletov-prygunov</i> [Sports training of light athletes-jumpers], Moscow: Theory and Practice of Physical Education; 2004. (in Russian)</p>
<p>32. Razumovsky E. Faktory, opredeliaiushchie vysshie dostizheniia legkoatletov [Factors, determining light athletes’ highest achievements]. <i>Legkaia atletika</i>, 1994; 11: 13-15. (in Russian)</p>
<p>33. Suslov FP, Shepel SP. Struktura godichnogo sorevnovatel'no-trenirovochnogo cikla [Structure of annual competition-training cycle]. <i>Teoriia i praktika fizicheskoj kul'tury</i>, 1999; 9: 57-61. (in Russian)</p>
<p>34. Fiscalov VD. <i>Sport i sistema podgotovki sportsmenov</i> [Sports and system of sportsmen’s training], Moscow: Soviet sport; 2010. (in Russian)</p>
<p>35. Yushkevich TP. Sovershenstvovanie metodiki trenirovki legkoatletov vysokoj kvalifikacii [Perfection of elite light athletes’ training methodic]. <i>Mir sporta</i>, 2000; 1: 14-16. (in Russian)</p>
<p>36. Bompa T. <i>Periodization - Theory and Methodology of Training</i>. Champaign (IL): Fourth Edition; 1999. </p>
<p>37. De Vries HA, Housh TJ. <i>Physiology of Exercise</i>. Madison: Brown and Benchmark; 1994. </p>
<p>38. Grosso Marc. Training theory: A primer on periodization. <i>The Coach</i>. 2006; 33: 25-33.</p>
<p>2. Balahnichev VV, Suslov FP, Shustin BN. Postroenie etapa neposredstvennoj podgotovki vysokokvalificirovannykh legkoatletov k glavnym sorevnovaniiam goda [Building of stage of elite light athletes’ direct preparation for main competitions of year]. <i>Nauchnye trudy VNIIFK</i>, 1996;1:32-41. (in Russian)</p>
<p>3. Balsevich VK. Ob evoliucionnom podkhode k razrabotke biomekhanicheskikh osnov vysshego sportivnogo masterstva [On evolution approach to working out of biomechanical principles of elite sportsmanship]. <i>Teoriia i praktika fizicheskoj kul'tury</i>, 1975; 11: 71 - 74. (in Russian)</p>
<p>4. Balsevich VK. Kontury novoj strategii podgotovki sportsmenov olimpijskogo klassa [Outline of new strategy of Olympic class sportsmen’s training]. <i>Teoriia i praktika fizicheskoj kul'tury</i>, 2001; 4: 9-10. (in Russian) </p>
<p>5. Bobrovnik VI. <i>Sovershenstvovanie tekhnicheskogo masterstva sportsmenov vysokoj kvalifikacii v legkoatleticheskikh sorevnovatel'nykh pryzhkakh</i> [Perfection of elite sportsmen’s technical skillfulness in light athletic competition jumps], Kiev: Scientific World; 2005. (in Russian)</p>
<p>6. Bondarchuk AP. <i>Upravlenie trenirovochnym processom sportsmenov vysokogo klassa</i> [Control over elite sportsmen’s training process], Moscow: Olympia Press; 2007. (in Russian)</p>
<p>7. Verkhoshansky YV. <i>Osnovy special'noj fizicheskoj podgotovki sportsmenov</i> [Principles of sportsmen’s special physical training], Moscow: Soviet sport; 2014. (in Russian)</p>
<p>8. Donskoy DD. <i>Zakony dvizhenij v sporte</i> [Motor laws in sports], Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport; 1968. (in Russian)</p>
<p>9. Donskoy DD, Zatsiorsky VM. <i>Biomekhanika</i> [Biomechanics], Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport; 1979. (in Russian)</p>
<p>10. Diachkov VM. <i>Sovershenstvovanie tekhnicheskogo masterstva sportsmenov</i> [Perfection of sportsmen’s technical skillfulness], Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport; 1972. (in Russian)</p>
<p>11. Diachkov VM. <i>Celevye parametry upravleniia tekhniko-fizicheskim sovershenstvovaniem sportsmenov, specializiruiushchikhsia v skorostno-silovykh vidakh sporta</i> [Targeted parameters of monitoring of sportsmen, who specialize in sped-power kinds of sports, technical-physical perfection]. Moscow; 1984. (in Russian)</p>
<p>12. Zotko R. Vzaimosviaz' special'noj silovoj i tekhnicheskoj podgotovki v trenirovke legkoatletov [Interconnection of special power and technical training of light athletes], <i>Biulleten</i>, 2000;2(4):205-206. (in Russian)</p>
<p>13. Khomenkov LS. <i>Kniga trenera po legkoj atletike</i> [Coach’s handbook on light athletic], Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport; 1987. (in Russian)</p>
<p>14. Kolot A. Kontrol' tekhnicheskoj podgotovlennosti kvalificirovannykh prygunov trojnym pryzhkom s razbega na etape maksimal'noj realizacii individual'nykh vozmozhnostej [Control of elite triple jumpers’ from run technical fitness at stage of maximal realization of individual potentials]. <i>Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports</i>, 2005; 18: 65-79. (in Russian)</p>
<p>15. Korobenko VA. Dinamika pokazatelej special'noj fizicheskoj podgotovlennosti prygunov trojnym pryzhkom s razbega vysokoj kvalifikacii v godichnom cikle podgotovki [Dynamic of special physical fitness indicators in elite triple jumpers from run in annual training cycle]. <i>Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports</i>, 2006; 7: 55-60. (in Russian)</p>
<p>16. Kreer VA<i>. Trojnoj pryzhok</i> [Triple jump], Moscow, Physical Education and Sports; 1980 (in Russian)</p>
<p>17. Kuznetsov V.V. Problemy skorostno-silovoj podgotovki kvalificirovannykh sportsmenov [Problms of elite sportsmen’s speed-power training], Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport; 1971 (in Russian)</p>
<p>18. Laputin AN. Sovershenstvovanie tekhnicheskogo masterstva sportsmenov vysokoj kvalifikacii [Perfection of elite sportsmen’s technical skillfulness], <i>Nauka v olimpijskom sporte</i>, 1997; 1: 78-83. (in Russian)</p>
<p>19. Levchenko AV, Matveev AE. Skorostno-silovaia podgotovka prygunov [Sped-power training of jumpers]. <i>Legkaia atletika</i>, 1986; 12: 10-11. (in Russian)</p>
<p>20. Ozolin NG, Voronkin VI, Primakov YN<i>. Legkaia atletika</i> [Track and field], Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport; 1989. (in Russian)</p>
<p>21. Stryzhak AP, Aleksandrov OI, Sidorenko SP, Petrov VP. <i>Legkoatleticheskie pryzhki</i> [Light athletic jumps], Kyiv, Health; 1989. (in Russian)</p>
<p>22. Matveev LP. <i>Problema periodizacii sportivnoj trenirovki</i> [Problem of sports training periodization], Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport; 1965. (in Russian)</p>
<p>23. Matveev LP. <i>Teoriia sporta</i> [Theory of sports], Moscow: Military Publishing; 1997. (in Russian)</p>
<p>24. Mironenko IN. Evoliuciia dvigatel'nykh dejstvij v pryzhkovykh lokomociiakh cheloveka [Evolution of motor actions in human jump locomotion]. <i>Nauchnaia konferenciia “Sovremennyj vzgliad na podgotovku legkoatletov”</i> [Modern view at light athletes’ training], Moscow; 2006. p. 127-148. (in Russian)</p>
<p>25. Mikich MS. Problemi shvidkisno-silovoi pidgotovki v legkij atletici [Problems of speed-power training in light athletic].<i> Naukovo-praktichna konferenciia z legkoi atletiki </i>[Scientific-practical conference on light athletic], Lviv; 1999. p. 49-50. (in Ukrainian)</p>
<p>26. Oganjanov AL. <i>Upravlenie podgotovkoj kvalificirovannykh legkoatletov-prygunov</i> [Control over training of elite light athletes-jumpers], Moscow: Physical Culture; 2005. (in Russian)</p>
<p>27. Ozolin NG. <i>Sovremennaia sistema sportivnoj trenirovki</i> [Modern system of sports training], Moscow: Physical Culture and Sport; 1970 (in Russian)</p>
<p>28. Platonov VN. <i>Sistema podgotovki sportsmenov v olimpijskom sporte</i> [The system of preparation of sportsmen in Olympic sport], Kiev: Olympic Literature; 2004. (in Russian)</p>
<p>29. Platonov V.N. <i>Periodizaciia sportivnoj trenirovki</i> [Periodization in sports training], Kiev: Olympic Literature; 2014 (in Russian)</p>
<p>30. Popov VB. <i>Sistema special'nykh uprazhnenij v podgotovke legkoatletov</i> [System of special exercises in training of light athletes], Moscow: Olympia Press; 2006 (in Russian)</p>
<p>31. Pyanzin AI. <i>Sportivnaia podgotovka legkoatletov-prygunov</i> [Sports training of light athletes-jumpers], Moscow: Theory and Practice of Physical Education; 2004. (in Russian)</p>
<p>32. Razumovsky E. Faktory, opredeliaiushchie vysshie dostizheniia legkoatletov [Factors, determining light athletes’ highest achievements]. <i>Legkaia atletika</i>, 1994; 11: 13-15. (in Russian)</p>
<p>33. Suslov FP, Shepel SP. Struktura godichnogo sorevnovatel'no-trenirovochnogo cikla [Structure of annual competition-training cycle]. <i>Teoriia i praktika fizicheskoj kul'tury</i>, 1999; 9: 57-61. (in Russian)</p>
<p>34. Fiscalov VD. <i>Sport i sistema podgotovki sportsmenov</i> [Sports and system of sportsmen’s training], Moscow: Soviet sport; 2010. (in Russian)</p>
<p>35. Yushkevich TP. Sovershenstvovanie metodiki trenirovki legkoatletov vysokoj kvalifikacii [Perfection of elite light athletes’ training methodic]. <i>Mir sporta</i>, 2000; 1: 14-16. (in Russian)</p>
<p>36. Bompa T. <i>Periodization - Theory and Methodology of Training</i>. Champaign (IL): Fourth Edition; 1999. </p>
<p>37. De Vries HA, Housh TJ. <i>Physiology of Exercise</i>. Madison: Brown and Benchmark; 1994. </p>
<p>38. Grosso Marc. Training theory: A primer on periodization. <i>The Coach</i>. 2006; 33: 25-33.</p>
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Kolot A. Сучасні проблеми вдосконалення технічної майстерності висококваліфікованих спортсменів у легкій атлетиці. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports. 28, Квітень 2016;20(2):26-33. доступний у10.15561/18189172.2016.0204
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