IL-6 RESPONSES TO GLYCAEMIC INDEX DURING RECOVERY FROM EXERCISE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2015.0607Keywords:
Exercise, Glycaemic, index, carbohydrateAbstract
Purpose: This study examined the effect of meal with different glycaemic index (GI) on plasma IL-6 concentration and glucose metabolism after maximal lengthening contractions of the knee extensors. Using a cross-over design, Material : 10 healthy males completed 5 sets of 10 lengthening (eccentric) contractions at 120% 1 repetition-maximum. Subjects were randomized to consume the GI beverage (high-GI, low-GI (15% weight per volume; 3 g/kg BM) or placebo in three times within 10 min following exercise, and again at 50 and 110 min during recovery time. Blood samples were collected before exercise and after 0.60, 180 min and 24 h of recovery. Results: Concentration of plasma IL-6 in HGI group was less than LGI and Pla groups. IL-6 tended to significantly increase after exercise in recovery time in 3 groups (all P < 0.05), except for 24 hours (P = 1.00), furthermore there was significant difference for IL-6 between placebo and high glycemic groups in 3hours after exercise (P=.016). Concentration of serum CK in HGI group was less than LGI and Pla groups, CK was significantly elevated at all times points during recovery in 3 groups (all P < 0.05), except for 1 hour after exercise in HGI group (P = 0.31), but there was no significant difference for CK between groups. Conclusion: In summary, consuming HGI carbohydrate during recovery from exercise attenuate plasma IL-6 concentration.Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
<p>Aljada A., Friedman J., Ghanim H. Glucose ingestion induces an increase in intranuclear nuclear factor kappaB, a fall in cellular inhibitor kappaB, and an increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha messenger RNA by mononuclear cells in healthy human subjects. <i>Metabolism: clinical and experimental</i>, 2006, vol.55(9), pp. 1177–1185.</p>
<p>Beaton L.J., Tarnopolsky M.A., Phillips S.M. Contraction-induced muscle damage in humans following calcium channel blocker administration. <i>Journal of Physiology</i>, 2002, vol.544(Pt 3), pp. 849–859.</p>
<p>Burke L.M., Kiens B., Ivy J.L. Carbohydrates and fat for training and recovery. <i>Journal of Sports Sciences</i>, 2004, vol.22, pp. 15–30.</p>
<p>Cockburn E., Robson-Ansley P., Hayes P.R. Effect of milk volume consumed on the attenuation of exercise-induced muscle damage. <i>European Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 2011, vol.51, pp. 618-625.</p>
<p>Dasu M.R., Devaraj S., Jialal I. High glucose induces IL-1beta expression in human monocytes: mechanistic insights. <i>American Journal of Physiology, Endocrinal Metabolism</i>, 2007, vol.293(1), pp. E337–E346.</p>
<p>Depner C.M., Frederickson S.J., Rhodes K. <i>Post-exercise carbohydrates increase the magnitude of the inflammatory response</i>. Seattle, WA. American College of Sports Medicine. 2009, 120 p.</p>
<p>Dhindsa S., Tripathy D., Mohanty P. Differential effects of glucose and alcohol on reactive oxygen species generation and intranuclear nuclear factor- kappaB in mononuclear cells. <i>Metabolism: clinical and experimental</i>, 2004, vol.53(3), pp. 330–334.</p>
<p>Dickinson S., Hancock D.P., Petocz P. High-glycemic index carbohydrate increases nuclear factorkappaB activation in mononuclear cells of young, lean healthy subjects. <i>American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</i>, 2008, vol.87(5), pp. 1188–1193.</p>
<p>Esposito K., Nappo F., Marfella R. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyper glycemian in humans: role of oxidative stress. <i>Circulation</i>, 2002, vol.106, pp. 2067- 2072.</p>
<p>Eston R.G., Mickleborough J., Baltzpolous V. Eccentric activation and muscle damage: biomechanical and physiological considerations during downhill running. <i>British Journal of Sports Medicine</i>, 1995, vol.292, pp. 89 – 94.</p>
<p>Febbraio M.A., Steensberg A., Keller C. Glucose ingestion attenuates interleukin-6 release from contracting skeletal muscle in humans. <i>Journal of Physiology</i>, 2003, vol.549(Pt 2), pp. 607–612.</p>
<p>Gonzalez F., Rote N.S., Minium L. Obese reproductive-age women exhibit a proatherogenic inflammatory response during hyperglycemia. <i>Obesity</i>, 2007, vol.15, pp. 2436-2444.</p>
<p>Hirose L., Nosaka K., Newton M. Changes in infl ammatory mediators following eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors. <i>Exercise Immunology Reviews</i>, 2004, vol.10, pp. 75–90.</p>
<p>Jenkins D.J., Wolever T.M., Taylor R.H. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. <i>The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</i>, 1981, vol.34, pp. 362–366.</p>
<p>Kirwan J.P., O'Gorman D.J., Cyr-Campbell D. Effects of a moderate glycemic meal on exercise duration and substrate utilization. <i>Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise</i>, 2001, vol.33, pp. 1517–1523.</p>
<p>Louis E., Raue U., Yang Y. Time course of proteolytic, cytokine, and myostatin gene expression after acute exercise in human skeletal muscle. <i>Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 2007, vol.103(5), pp. 1744–1751.</p>
<p>MacIntyre D.L., Sorichter S., Mair J. Markers of inflammation and myofibrillar proteins following eccentric exercise in humans. <i>European Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 2001, vol.84, pp. 180-186.</p>
<p>Miles M.P., Depner C.M., Kirwan R.D. Influence of macronutrient intake and anthropometric characteristics on plasma insulin after eccentric exercise. <i>Metabolism: clinical and experimental</i>, 2010, vol.59, pp. 1456-1464.</p>
<p>Miles M.P., Pearson S.D., Andring J.M. Effect of carbohydrate intake during recovery from eccentric exercise on interleukin-6 and muscle-damage markers. <i>International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism</i>, 2007, vol.17, pp. 507–520.</p>
<p>Mohanty P., Hamouda W., Garg R. Glucose challenge stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by leucocytes. <i>Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism</i>, 2000, vol.85(8), pp. 2970–2973.</p>
<p>Nieman D.C., Johanssen L., Lee J.W. Immune response to heavy exertion. <i>Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 1998, vol.82, pp. 1385-1394.</p>
<p>Nieman D.C., Kernodle M.W., Henson D.A. The acute response of the immune system to tennis drills in adolescent athletes. <i>Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport</i>, 2000, vol.71, pp. 403-408.</p>
<p>Nieman D.C., Davis J.M., Henson D.A. Muscle cytokine mRNA changes after 2.5 h of cycling: influence of carbohydrate. <i>Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise</i>, 2005, vol.37(8), pp. 1283–1290.</p>
<p>Nieman D.C., Davis J.M., Henson D.A. Carbohydrate ingestion influences skeletal muscle cytokine mRNA and plasma cytokine levels after a 3-h run. <i>Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 2003, vol.94(5), pp. 1917–1925.</p>
<p>Paulsen G., Benestad H.B., Strøm-Gundersen I. Delayed leukocytosis and cytokine response to high-force eccentric exercise. <i>Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise</i>, 2005, vol.37(11), pp. 1877–1883.</p>
<p>Peake J.M., Nosaka K., Muthalib M. Systemic infl amatory responses to maximal versus submaximal lengthening contractions of the elbow flexors. <i>Exercise Immunology, Reviews</i>, 2006, vol.12, pp. 72–85.</p>
<p>Peake J.M., Suzuki K., Hordern M. Plasma cytokine changes in relation to exercise intensity and muscle damage. <i>European Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 2005, vol.95, pp. 514-521.</p>
<p>Petersen A.W., Pedersen B.K. The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. <i>Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 2005, vol.98, pp. 1154 – 1162.</p>
<p>Raastad T., Risoy B.A., Benestad H.B. Temporal relation between leukocyte accumulation in muscles and halted recovery 10–20 h after strength exercise. <i>Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 2003, vol.95(6), pp. 2503–2509.</p>
<p>Smith L.L., Anwar A., Fragen M. Cytokines and cell adhesion molecules associated with high-intensity eccentric exercise. <i>European Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 2000, vol.82, pp. 61-67.</p>
<p>Stevenson E., Williams C., Nute M. The effect of the glycemic index of an evening meal on the metabolic responses to a standard high glycemic index breakfast and subsequent exercise in men. <i>International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism</i>, 2005, vol.15, pp. 308–322.</p>
<p>Steensberg A., Fischer C.P., Keller C. IL-6 enhances plasma IL-1ra, IL-10, and cortisol in humans. <i>American Journal of Physiology, Endocrinal Metabolism</i>, 2002, vol.285, pp. E433-E437.</p>
<p>Beaton L.J., Tarnopolsky M.A., Phillips S.M. Contraction-induced muscle damage in humans following calcium channel blocker administration. <i>Journal of Physiology</i>, 2002, vol.544(Pt 3), pp. 849–859.</p>
<p>Burke L.M., Kiens B., Ivy J.L. Carbohydrates and fat for training and recovery. <i>Journal of Sports Sciences</i>, 2004, vol.22, pp. 15–30.</p>
<p>Cockburn E., Robson-Ansley P., Hayes P.R. Effect of milk volume consumed on the attenuation of exercise-induced muscle damage. <i>European Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 2011, vol.51, pp. 618-625.</p>
<p>Dasu M.R., Devaraj S., Jialal I. High glucose induces IL-1beta expression in human monocytes: mechanistic insights. <i>American Journal of Physiology, Endocrinal Metabolism</i>, 2007, vol.293(1), pp. E337–E346.</p>
<p>Depner C.M., Frederickson S.J., Rhodes K. <i>Post-exercise carbohydrates increase the magnitude of the inflammatory response</i>. Seattle, WA. American College of Sports Medicine. 2009, 120 p.</p>
<p>Dhindsa S., Tripathy D., Mohanty P. Differential effects of glucose and alcohol on reactive oxygen species generation and intranuclear nuclear factor- kappaB in mononuclear cells. <i>Metabolism: clinical and experimental</i>, 2004, vol.53(3), pp. 330–334.</p>
<p>Dickinson S., Hancock D.P., Petocz P. High-glycemic index carbohydrate increases nuclear factorkappaB activation in mononuclear cells of young, lean healthy subjects. <i>American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</i>, 2008, vol.87(5), pp. 1188–1193.</p>
<p>Esposito K., Nappo F., Marfella R. Inflammatory cytokine concentrations are acutely increased by hyper glycemian in humans: role of oxidative stress. <i>Circulation</i>, 2002, vol.106, pp. 2067- 2072.</p>
<p>Eston R.G., Mickleborough J., Baltzpolous V. Eccentric activation and muscle damage: biomechanical and physiological considerations during downhill running. <i>British Journal of Sports Medicine</i>, 1995, vol.292, pp. 89 – 94.</p>
<p>Febbraio M.A., Steensberg A., Keller C. Glucose ingestion attenuates interleukin-6 release from contracting skeletal muscle in humans. <i>Journal of Physiology</i>, 2003, vol.549(Pt 2), pp. 607–612.</p>
<p>Gonzalez F., Rote N.S., Minium L. Obese reproductive-age women exhibit a proatherogenic inflammatory response during hyperglycemia. <i>Obesity</i>, 2007, vol.15, pp. 2436-2444.</p>
<p>Hirose L., Nosaka K., Newton M. Changes in infl ammatory mediators following eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors. <i>Exercise Immunology Reviews</i>, 2004, vol.10, pp. 75–90.</p>
<p>Jenkins D.J., Wolever T.M., Taylor R.H. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. <i>The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</i>, 1981, vol.34, pp. 362–366.</p>
<p>Kirwan J.P., O'Gorman D.J., Cyr-Campbell D. Effects of a moderate glycemic meal on exercise duration and substrate utilization. <i>Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise</i>, 2001, vol.33, pp. 1517–1523.</p>
<p>Louis E., Raue U., Yang Y. Time course of proteolytic, cytokine, and myostatin gene expression after acute exercise in human skeletal muscle. <i>Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 2007, vol.103(5), pp. 1744–1751.</p>
<p>MacIntyre D.L., Sorichter S., Mair J. Markers of inflammation and myofibrillar proteins following eccentric exercise in humans. <i>European Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 2001, vol.84, pp. 180-186.</p>
<p>Miles M.P., Depner C.M., Kirwan R.D. Influence of macronutrient intake and anthropometric characteristics on plasma insulin after eccentric exercise. <i>Metabolism: clinical and experimental</i>, 2010, vol.59, pp. 1456-1464.</p>
<p>Miles M.P., Pearson S.D., Andring J.M. Effect of carbohydrate intake during recovery from eccentric exercise on interleukin-6 and muscle-damage markers. <i>International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism</i>, 2007, vol.17, pp. 507–520.</p>
<p>Mohanty P., Hamouda W., Garg R. Glucose challenge stimulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by leucocytes. <i>Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism</i>, 2000, vol.85(8), pp. 2970–2973.</p>
<p>Nieman D.C., Johanssen L., Lee J.W. Immune response to heavy exertion. <i>Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 1998, vol.82, pp. 1385-1394.</p>
<p>Nieman D.C., Kernodle M.W., Henson D.A. The acute response of the immune system to tennis drills in adolescent athletes. <i>Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport</i>, 2000, vol.71, pp. 403-408.</p>
<p>Nieman D.C., Davis J.M., Henson D.A. Muscle cytokine mRNA changes after 2.5 h of cycling: influence of carbohydrate. <i>Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise</i>, 2005, vol.37(8), pp. 1283–1290.</p>
<p>Nieman D.C., Davis J.M., Henson D.A. Carbohydrate ingestion influences skeletal muscle cytokine mRNA and plasma cytokine levels after a 3-h run. <i>Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 2003, vol.94(5), pp. 1917–1925.</p>
<p>Paulsen G., Benestad H.B., Strøm-Gundersen I. Delayed leukocytosis and cytokine response to high-force eccentric exercise. <i>Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise</i>, 2005, vol.37(11), pp. 1877–1883.</p>
<p>Peake J.M., Nosaka K., Muthalib M. Systemic infl amatory responses to maximal versus submaximal lengthening contractions of the elbow flexors. <i>Exercise Immunology, Reviews</i>, 2006, vol.12, pp. 72–85.</p>
<p>Peake J.M., Suzuki K., Hordern M. Plasma cytokine changes in relation to exercise intensity and muscle damage. <i>European Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 2005, vol.95, pp. 514-521.</p>
<p>Petersen A.W., Pedersen B.K. The anti-inflammatory effect of exercise. <i>Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 2005, vol.98, pp. 1154 – 1162.</p>
<p>Raastad T., Risoy B.A., Benestad H.B. Temporal relation between leukocyte accumulation in muscles and halted recovery 10–20 h after strength exercise. <i>Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 2003, vol.95(6), pp. 2503–2509.</p>
<p>Smith L.L., Anwar A., Fragen M. Cytokines and cell adhesion molecules associated with high-intensity eccentric exercise. <i>European Journal of Applied Physiology</i>, 2000, vol.82, pp. 61-67.</p>
<p>Stevenson E., Williams C., Nute M. The effect of the glycemic index of an evening meal on the metabolic responses to a standard high glycemic index breakfast and subsequent exercise in men. <i>International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism</i>, 2005, vol.15, pp. 308–322.</p>
<p>Steensberg A., Fischer C.P., Keller C. IL-6 enhances plasma IL-1ra, IL-10, and cortisol in humans. <i>American Journal of Physiology, Endocrinal Metabolism</i>, 2002, vol.285, pp. E433-E437.</p>
Downloads
Published
2015-06-28
How to Cite
1.
Hasani S, Supaporn S, Mehranpour A, Witid M. IL-6 RESPONSES TO GLYCAEMIC INDEX DURING RECOVERY FROM EXERCISE. Pedagogics, psychology, medical-biological problems of physical training and sports. 2015;19(6):41-7. https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2015.0607
Issue
License
Copyright Holder - Author(s).
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: more
Statistics
Abstract views: 207 / PDF downloads: 132
