Training interventions and physical performance adaptations in youth tennis players: a systematic scoping review

Abstract

Background and Study Aim. Youth tennis performance depends on the development of multiple physical domains, including speed, agility, power, accuracy, and endurance. Although numerous training interventions have been proposed, the evidence base is heterogeneous. Certain domains, particularly accuracy and endurance, remain underexplored. A structured mapping of existing interventions is therefore needed to inform evidence-based training practice. This scoping review aimed to systematically map and synthesize the effects of structured training interventions on key performance domains in youth tennis players (≤19 years). Materials and Methods. A systematic scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Five electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane CENTRAL) were searched for studies published between January 2015 and August 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental designs, and single-group pre–post interventions examining structured training programs in youth tennis players. Outcomes were categorized into five domains: speed, agility/change of direction, power, accuracy, and endurance. Risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0 and ROBINS-I. Reporting quality was evaluated using the CERT checklist. Results. Twenty-five studies met the inclusion criteria. Plyometric training, high-intensity interval training (HIIT), functional and neuromuscular training, core stability programs, resisted sprinting, and flywheel-based resistance training demonstrated significant improvements in at least one performance domain. Speed, agility, and power showed the most consistent and robust improvements across interventions. HIIT and repeated-sprint programs produced the largest endurance gains. Balance improvements were commonly observed following core and neuromuscular training. In contrast, serve and stroke accuracy outcomes were inconsistently reported and showed limited responsiveness. Overall risk of bias was low to moderate, with more recent studies demonstrating higher reporting quality. Conclusions. Structured, multi-component training interventions effectively enhance key physical performance domains in youth tennis players, particularly speed, agility, and power. However, evidence for accuracy and endurance remains limited. Future research should prioritize standardized outcome measures, longer follow-up periods, and integrated training models to optimize performance development in youth tennis.