Comparison of physical activity and skinfold thickness of students living in rural and city center
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2020.0508Keywords:
adolescent, physical, skinfold thickness, sport, childrenAbstract
Background and Study Aim. ln this academic research, it was aimed to compare the physical activity and skinfold thickness of the students living in the city center and rural areas. Material and Methods. 89 students attending the 6th grade level, whose total age is 12 years old, residing in the city center and rural areas of Çanakkale participated in the study. Students were examined with SenseWear armband bmi, total energy consumption, daily step count, met, active energy consumption, physical activity time, reach time and sleep times. Body mass index was determined with Holtain Skinfold Caliper. For the analysis of the dataset, the Independent Sample t test was utilized to examine the difference between the students' physical activity levels and skin fold thickness. Then, the relevance between physical activity level and skinfold thickness was examined for pearson correlation. Significance value p<.05 and p<.01were accepted. Results. ln accordance with the data obtained with SenseWear Armband, it has been determined that a statistically substantial amount of difference between BMI total energy consumption und daily step number of students living in rural and city centers is present. According to the results of skin fold thickness measurements made with skinfold calipers, there was a significant difference in triceps, subscapular, abdominal, suprailiac and femur regions (p<.05). Conclusion. As a result of the research, it is concluded that students studying in the city center have less physical activity level than students living in the rural area.Downloads
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References
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https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v15i2.4770
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https://doi.org/10.1089/chi.2012.0090
25. McMurray RG, Harrell JS, Bangdiwala SI, Deng S. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and obesity of rural and urban elementary school children. The Journal of Rural Health, 1999; 15(4): 365-374.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.1999.tb00760.x
26. Prieto-Benavides DH, Correa-Bautista JE, Ramírez-Vélez R. Physical activity levels, physical fitness and screen time among children and adolescents from Bogotá, Colombia. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 2015; 32(5): 2184-2192. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.32.5.9576.
27. Armstrong N, Welsman JR, Kirby BJ. Longitudinal changes in 11‐13‐year‐olds' physical activity. Acta Paediatrica, 2000; 89(7): 775-780.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00384.x
28. Moore JB, Jilcott SB, Shores KA, Evenson KR, Brownson RC, Novick LFA. Qualitative examination of perceived barriers and facilitators of physical activity for urban and rural youth. Health Education Research, 2010; 25(2): 355-367.
https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyq004
29. Collins P, Al-Nakeeb Y, Nevill A, Lyons M. The impact of the built environment on young people’s physical activity patterns: a suburban-rural comparison using gps. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2012; 9: 3030-3050.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9093030
30. Plotnikoff RC, Mayhew A, Birkett N, Loucaides, CA, Fodor G. Age, gender, and urban–rural differences in the correlates of physical activity. Preventive Medicine, 2004; 39(6): 1115-1125.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.024
31. Loucaides CA, Plotnikoff RC, Bercovitz K. Differences in the correlates of physical activity between urban and rural Canadian youth. Journal of School Health, 2007; 77(4): 164-170.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00187.x
32. Sheu-jen H, Wen-chi H, Patricia AS, Jackson PW. Neighborhood environment and physical activity among urban and rural schoolchildren in Taiwan. Health Place, 2010; 16(3): 470-476.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.12.004
33. Constantinos AL, Sue MC, Neville B. Differences in physical activity levels between urban and rural school children in Cyprus, Health Education Research, 2004; 9(2): 138-147.
https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyg014
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Physical Activity Basics. How much physical activity do children need? [Internet]. 2018. [updated 2018 Sep1; cited 2018 Sep 15]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/index.html
3. Dumith SC, Gigante DP, Domingues MR, Kohl IIIHW. Physical activity change during adolescence: a systematic review and a pooled analysis. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2011; 40(3): 685–698.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyq272
4. Cooper AR, Goodman A, Page AS, Sherar LB, Esliger DW, Sluijs EMF, Ekelund U. Objectively measured physical activity and sedentary time in youth: the ınternational children’s accelerometry database (ıcad). International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2015; 12(113): 1–10.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0274-5
5. Reilly JJ. When does it all go wrong? longitudinal studies of changes in moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity across childhood and adolescence. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 2016; 14(1): 1–6.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2016.05.002
6. Thivel D, Malina RM, Isacco L, Aucouturier J, Meyer M, Duche P. Metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents: dichotomous or continuous? Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, 2009; 7(6): 549-556.
https://doi.org/10.1089/met.2008.0085
7. Wicklow BA, Becker A, Chateau D, Palmer K, Kozyrskij A, Sellers EAC. Comparison of anthropometric measurements in children to predict metabolic syndrome in adolescence: analysis of prospective cohort data. International Journal of Obesity, 2015; 39(7): 1070-1078.
https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2015.55
8. World Health Organization. What is moderate intensity and vigorous intensity physical activity? [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2014. [updated 2018 Jun 15; cited 2018 Jan 2]. Available from: https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/physical_activity_intensity/en
9. Peppa M, Stefanaki C, Papaefstathiou A, Boschiero D, Dimitriadis G, Chrousos GP. Bioimpedance analysis vs. DEXA as a screening tool for osteosarcopenia in lean, overweight and obese Caucasian postmenopausal females. Hormones, 2017; 16(2): 181-193.
https://doi.org/10.14310/horm.2002.1732
10. Şenol D, Özbağ D, Kafkas ME, Açak M, Baysal Ö, Kafkas AŞ, at al. The clinical effects of somatotype difference on isokinetic knee muscle strength and dynamic balance scores. Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 2018; 64(1): 28.
https://doi.org/10.5606/tftrd.2017.883
11. Williams KB, Hastings ES, Moore CE, Wiemann CM. Feasibility and acceptability of the bod pod procedure and changes in body composition from admission to discharge in adolescents hospitalized with eating disorders. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 2018; 26(2): 145-149.
https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2017-0224
12. Tekin A, Tekin G, Aykora E, Çalışır M. Physical motoric and psychosocial outputs of tae-bo exercise program for university female students. Anemon Muş Alparslan University Journal of Social Sciences, 2018; 6(3): 431-441.
https://doi.org/10.18506/anemon.370120
13. Aykora E. An analysis over physical and physiological parameters of elementary school children taking part in a sport climbing exercise, Universal Journal of Educational Research, 2019; 7(2):624-628.
https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2019.070235
14. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Experimental designs using ANOVA Belmont, CA: Thomson/Brooks/Cole. 2007.
15. Drenowatz C, Eisenmann JC, Pfeiffer KA, Welk G, Heelan K, Gentile D, at al. Influence of socio-economic status on habitual physical activity and sedentary behavior in 8-to 11-year old children. BMC Public Health, 2010; 10(1):214.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-10-214
16. Matsudo VKR, de Moraes Ferrari GL, Araújo TL, Oliveira LC, Mire E, Barreira TV, at al. Socioeconomic status indicators, physical activity, and overweight/obesity in Brazilian children. Revista Paulista de Pediatria (English Edition), 2016; 34(2): 162-170.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rppede.2015.08.018
17. O’Donoghue G, Kennedy A, Puggina A, Aleksovska K, Buck C, Burns C, et al. Socio-economic determinants of physical activity across the life course: a" determinants of diet and physical activity"(DEDIPAC) umbrella literature review. PLoS One, 2018; 13(1).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190737
18. Baydemir B, Yurdakul HÖ, Özer K. Physical activity level in elementary education second level children, physical self description and self-esteem, Journal of Human Sciences, 2018; 15(2):1049-1057.
https://doi.org/10.14687/jhs.v15i2.4770
19. Parks SE, Housemann RA, Brownson RC. Differential correlates of physical activity in urban and rural adults of various socioeconomic backgrounds in the United States. Journal of Epidemiology Community Health, 2003; 57(1): 29-35.
https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.57.1.29
20. Troiano RP, Berrigan D, Dodd KW, Masse LC, Tilert T, McDowell M. Physical activity in the united states measured by accelerometer. Medicine Science in Sports Exercise, 2008; 40(1):181-188.
https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31815a51b3
21. Møller NC, Kristensen PL, Wedderkopp N, Andersen LB, Froberg K. Objectively measured habitual physical activity in 1997/1998 vs 2003/2004 in Danish children: the European Youth Heart Study. Scandinavian journal of Medicine Science in Sports, 2009; 19(1):19-29.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2008.00774.x
22. Joens‐Matre RR, Welk GJ, Calabro MA, Russell DW, Nicklay E, Hensley LD. Rural–urban differences in physical activity, physical fitness, and overweight prevalence of children. The Journal of Rural Health, 2008; 24(1): 49-54.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.2008.00136.x
23. Johnson Iii JA, Johnson AM. Urban-rural differences in childhood and adolescent obesity in the united States: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Childhood Obesity, 2015; 11(3): 233-241.
https://doi.org/10.1089/chi.2014.0085
24. Liu JH, Jones SJ, Sun H, Probst JC, Merchant AT, Cavicchia P. Diet, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors as risk factors for childhood obesity: an urban and rural comparison. Childhood Obesity (Formerly Obesity and Weight Management): 2012; 8(5):440-448.
https://doi.org/10.1089/chi.2012.0090
25. McMurray RG, Harrell JS, Bangdiwala SI, Deng S. Cardiovascular disease risk factors and obesity of rural and urban elementary school children. The Journal of Rural Health, 1999; 15(4): 365-374.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.1999.tb00760.x
26. Prieto-Benavides DH, Correa-Bautista JE, Ramírez-Vélez R. Physical activity levels, physical fitness and screen time among children and adolescents from Bogotá, Colombia. Nutricion Hospitalaria, 2015; 32(5): 2184-2192. https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2015.32.5.9576.
27. Armstrong N, Welsman JR, Kirby BJ. Longitudinal changes in 11‐13‐year‐olds' physical activity. Acta Paediatrica, 2000; 89(7): 775-780.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1651-2227.2000.tb00384.x
28. Moore JB, Jilcott SB, Shores KA, Evenson KR, Brownson RC, Novick LFA. Qualitative examination of perceived barriers and facilitators of physical activity for urban and rural youth. Health Education Research, 2010; 25(2): 355-367.
https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyq004
29. Collins P, Al-Nakeeb Y, Nevill A, Lyons M. The impact of the built environment on young people’s physical activity patterns: a suburban-rural comparison using gps. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 2012; 9: 3030-3050.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9093030
30. Plotnikoff RC, Mayhew A, Birkett N, Loucaides, CA, Fodor G. Age, gender, and urban–rural differences in the correlates of physical activity. Preventive Medicine, 2004; 39(6): 1115-1125.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.04.024
31. Loucaides CA, Plotnikoff RC, Bercovitz K. Differences in the correlates of physical activity between urban and rural Canadian youth. Journal of School Health, 2007; 77(4): 164-170.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1561.2007.00187.x
32. Sheu-jen H, Wen-chi H, Patricia AS, Jackson PW. Neighborhood environment and physical activity among urban and rural schoolchildren in Taiwan. Health Place, 2010; 16(3): 470-476.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2009.12.004
33. Constantinos AL, Sue MC, Neville B. Differences in physical activity levels between urban and rural school children in Cyprus, Health Education Research, 2004; 9(2): 138-147.
https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyg014
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2020-10-30
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Yurdakul H Ö., Baydemir B. Comparison of physical activity and skinfold thickness of students living in rural and city center. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports. 2020;24(5):271-7. https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2020.0508
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