The effect of exercise on homocysteine and some blood parameters in middle-aged sedentary individuals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2020.0502Keywords:
sedentary, exercise, homocysteine, hematocrit, hemoglobinAbstract
Background and Study Aim. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of exercise on the blood levels of homocysteine, hemoglobin and hematocrit in middle-aged sedentary individuals. Material and Methods. A total of 24 middle-aged (35-55 years) sedentary individuals (12 females and 12 males) living in Batman province voluntarily participated in this study. Body weight, body mass index, Homocysteine, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit blood levels were measured before and after a walking exercise scheduled for 6 weeks. Walking exercise was administered 4 days a week for the 6 weeks. Initially, the walking exercises started as 40 min and increased to 60 min towards the end of the program. In the exercises, walking tempo was kept higher than normal and in parallel to the overall health levels of the subjects. The data obtained were then analyzed through the SPSS 25.00 package program. Results. It was determined that there were statistically significant differences in the pretest and posttest parameters of body weight, body mass index, and Homocysteine values. Additionally, it was determined that, after the 6-week exercise program applied to the female and male participants, there were statistically significant differences between the pretest and posttest parameters of body weight, body mass index, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and homocysteine blood levels. Conclusions. As the conclusion, it was determined that, after the 6-week exercise program applied to a total of 24 participants (12 females and 12 males), there were statistically significant changes in the values of body weight, body mass index, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and homocysteine blood levels. It is suggested for further studies to apply nutrition programs and exercise protocols on young people regularly doing exercise and active athletes in different branches in order to contribute to sports science.Downloads
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References
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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1999.tb00245.x
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2. Mayer EL, Jacobsen DW, Robinson K. Homocysteine and coronary athersclerosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996; 27: 517–527.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(95)00508-0
3. Hayward R, Ruangthai R, Karnilaw P, Chicco A, Strange R, McCarty H, et al. Attenuation of homocysteine-induced endothelial dysfunction by exercise training. Pathophysiology, 2003;9:207–14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-4680(03)00023-3
4. Selhub J. Homosisteine metabolism. Annu Rev Nutr. 1999; 19: 217– 246.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.19.1.217
5. Prerost MR, Feldman BF, Herbert WG. Homocysteine, Fibrinogen and physical activity in human males with coronary artery disease. Comparative Haematology International. 1999; 9: 25– 30.
https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00010003
6. Lentz SR. Homocysteine and vascular dysfunction. Life Sciences. 1997; 61(13): 1205– 1215.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(97)00392-5
7. Gaume V, Mougin F, Figard H, Simon-Rigaud ML, N’Guyen UN, Callier J, et al. Physical Training Decreases Total Plasma Homocysteine and Cysteine in Middle-Aged Subjects. Ann Nutr Metab, 2005;49:125–31.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000085536
8. Herrmann M, Schorr H, Obeid R, Urhausen A, Scharhag J, Kindermann W, Herrmann W. Homosisteine increases during endurance exercise. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003; 41(11): 1518– 1524.
https://doi.org/10.1515/CCLM.2003.233
9. Chambers JC, Obeid OA, Kooner JS. Physiological increments in plasma Homocysteine induce vascular endothelial dysfunction in normal human subjects. Arteriosclerosis and Thrombosis. 1999; 19: 2922-2927.
https://doi.org/10.1161/01.ATV.19.12.2922
10. Mennen LI, de Courcy GP, Guilland J-C, Ducros V, Bertrais S, Nicolas J-P, et al. Homocysteine, cardiovascular disease risk factors, and habitual diet in the French Supplementation with Antioxidant Vitamins and Minerals Study. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2002;76:1279–89.
https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/76.6.1279
11. Bree A, Verschuren WMM, Blom HJ, Kromhout D. Lifstyle factors and plasma homocysteine concentrations in a general population sample. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2001; 154(2): 150–154.
https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/154.2.150
12. Still RA, McDowell IF. ACP Broadsheet No 152: Clinical implications of plasma homocysteine measurement in cardiovascular disease. J Clin Pathol, 1998; 51:183–8.
https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.51.3.183
13. Frosst P, Blom HJ, Milos R, Goyette P, Sheppard CA, Matthews RG, et al. A candidate genetic risk factor for vascular disease: a common mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase. Nat Genet 1995;10:111–3.
https://doi.org/10.1038/ng0595-111
14. Brattstrom L, Wilcken DE, Ohrvik J, Brudin L. Common methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene mutation leads to hyperhomocysteinemia but not to vascular disease: the result of a meta-analysis. Circulation, 1998;98:2520–6.
https://doi.org/10.1161/01.CIR.98.23.2520
15. Finkelstein J D. The metabolism of homocysteine: pathways and regulation. E ur J Pediatr, 1998; 157 (suppl 2): S40–4.
https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00014300
16. Panagiotakos DB, Pitsavos C, Zcimbckis A, Chrysohoou C, Stefanadis C. The association between lifestly-related factors and plasma homocysteine lebels in healthy individuals from the “ATTICA” study. International Journal of Cardiology. 2004;1: 1–7.
17. Selhub J, Jacques PF, Wilson PW, Rush D, Rosenberg IH. Vitamin status and intake as ın ary determinants of homocysteinemia in an elderly population. JAMA, 1993;270:2693–8.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1993.03510220049033
18. Savage DG, Lindenbaum J, Stabler SP, Alien RH. Sensitivity of serum mcthylmalonic acid and total homocysteine deterrninants for diagnosing cobalamin and foIate deficiencies. Am I Med, 1994;96:239–46.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(94)90149-X
19. McCully KS. Homocysteine and vascular disease. Nat Med, 1996;2:386–9.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nm0496-386
20. Unt E, Zilmer K, Mägi A, Kullisaar T, Kairane C, Zilmer M. Homocysteine status in former top-level male athletes: possible effect of physical activity and physical fitness. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 2008;18:360–6.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00674.x
21. Joubert LM, Manore MM. Exercise, nutrition, and homocysteine. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism. 2006; 16: 341–361.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.16.4.341
22. Real JT, Merchante A, Gomez JL, Chaves FJ. Effects of marathon running on plasma total homocysteine concentrations. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc. 2005; 15: 134–139.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2004.05.004
23. König D, Bissé E, Deibert P, Müller H-M, Wieland H, Berg A. Influence of Training Volume and Acute Physical Exercise on the Homocysteine Levels in Endurance-Trained Men: Interactions with Plasma Folate and Vitamin B12. Ann Nutr Metab, 2003;47:114–8.
https://doi.org/10.1159/000070032
24. Wright M, Francis K, Cornwell P. Effect of acute exercise on plasma homocysteine. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1998;38(3): 262–5.
25. Boone CH, Hoffman JR, Gonzalez AM, Jajtner AR, Townsend JR, Baker KM, et al. Changes in Plasma Aldosterone and Electrolytes Following High-Volume and High-Intensity Resistance Exercise Protocols in Trained Men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2016;30:1917–23.
https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001276
26. Peçanha T, Paula-Ribeiro M, Campana-Rezende E, Bartels R, Marins JCB, de Lima JRP. Water Intake Accelerates Parasympathetic Reactivation After High-Intensity Exercise. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2014;24:489–96.
https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2013-0122
27. Londeann R. Low heamatcrits during basic training athletes anemia. Nengld J Med, 1978;299: 1191–2.
https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197811232992113
28. Thorner W. Quoted by srein hus AH. Choronic effects of exercise. Physiol Rew, 1933;24:622– 4.
29. Çavuşoğlu H Egzersiz ve kan. Exercise and blood. İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi 11. Kurultayı Bildiri Kitabı, 249 – 252., Istanbul Medical Faculty 11th Congress Proceedings Book, 1991. P.249 – 252. (In Turkısh)
30. Rousseau AS, Robin S, Roussel AM, Ducros V, Margaritis I. Plasma homocysteine is related to folate intake but not training status. Nutrition Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases. 2005; 15: 125–133.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.numecd.2005.02.002
31. Randeva HS, Lewandowski KC, Drzewoski J, Brooke-Wavell K, O’Callaghan C, Czupryniak L, et al. Exercise Decreases Plasma Total Homocysteine in Overweight Young Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2002;87:4496–501.
https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2001-012056
32. Steenge GR, Verhoef P, Greenhaff PL. The effect of creating and resistance training on plasma homocysteine concentration in healthy volunteers. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2001; 161: 1455–56.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.161.11.1455
33. Bailey DM, Davies B, Baker J. Training in hypoxia: modulation of metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2000; 32: 1058–1066.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200006000-00004
34. Nygard O, Vollset SE, Refsum H, Stensvold I, Tverdal A, Nordrehaug JE, et al. Total plasma homocysteine and cardiovascular risk profile. The Hordaland Homocysteine Study. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 1995;274:1526–33.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.274.19.1526
35. Duncan G, Perri MG, Anton SD, Limacher MC, Martin D, Lowenthal DT, et al. Effects of exercise on emerging and traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Preventive Medicine, 2004;39:894–902.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.03.012
36. Dinç N. Aerobik egzersizin ve multivitamin kullanımının lipid, homosistein ve antioksidan metabolizması üzerine etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi. [Effects of aerobic exercise and multivitamin use on lipid, homocysteine and antioxidant metabolism]. [Master Thesis]. Celal Bayar University, Institute of Health Sciences; 2006. (In Turkish)
37. Cooper A, Kendrick, A, Stansbie D, Sargent D. Plasma homocysteine in sedentary men: influence of moderately intense exercise. CVR & R. 2000; 21: 371–74.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00008483-200011000-00014
38. Vincent KR, Braith RW, Bottiglieri T, Heather K, Vincent HK, Lowenthal DT. Homocysteine and lipoprotein levels following resistance training in older adults. Preventive Cardiology. 2003; 6(4): 197–203.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1520-037X.2003.01723.x
39. De Cree C, Malinow MR, Van Kranenburg GP, Geurten PG, Longford NT, Keizer HA. İnfluence of exercise and menstrual cycle phase on plasma homocysteine levels in young women a prospective study. Scand J Med Sci Sport. 1999; 9: 272–278.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1999.tb00245.x
40. Ünal M. Aerobik ve anaerobik akut-kronik egzersizlerin immün parametreler üzerindeki etkileri [Effects of aerobic and anaerobic acute-chronic exercises on immune parameters]. Istanbul; 1998. (In Turkish)
41. Freund BJ, Shizuru EM, Hashiro GM, Claybaugh JR. Hormonal, electrolyte, and renal responses to exercise are intensity dependent. Journal of Applied Physiology, 1991;70:900–6.
https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.70.2.900
42. Nieman DC, Pedersen BK. Exercise And İmmune Function: Recent Development. Sports Med, 1999;27: 73–80.
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199927020-00001
43. Gallagher PM, Carrithers JA, Godard MP, Schulze KE, Trappe and SW. β-Hydroxy-βMethylbutyrate İngestion, Part II: Effects on Hematology, Hepatic and Renal Function. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2000;32:2116–9.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200012000-00023
44. Büyükyazı G, Turgay F. Sürekli ve yaygın interval koşu egzersizlerinin bazı hematolojik parametreler üzerine akut ve kronik etkileri [Acute and chronic effects of continuous and widespread interval running exercises on some hematological parameters]. HU Sports Science. And Technic. School VI. Sports Research Congress Paper., 3–5 November, Ankara; 2000. P. 182. ( In Turkish)
45. Halson SL, Lancaster GI, Jeukendrup AE, Gleeson M. Immunological Responses to Overreaching in Cyclists. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 2003;35:854–61.
https://doi.org/10.1249/01.MSS.0000064964.80040.E9
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2020-10-30
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Çelik NM, Soyal M. The effect of exercise on homocysteine and some blood parameters in middle-aged sedentary individuals. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports. 2020;24(5):219-26. https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2020.0502
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