Determination of Anaerobic Threshold by a new approach through the incremental exercise using proportion in HR and Ve changes in rowers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2021.0203Keywords:
anaerobic threshold, non-invasive, pulmonary ventilation, hearth rate, enduranceAbstract
Background and Study Aim. The aim of this research is to create a non-invasive and easy to apply in practice approach to determine the anaerobic threshold based only on measurement of the pulmonary ventilation and the hearth rate. It uses proportions, with which these variables were changed during a maximal incremental test. Material and Methods. Twenty athletes from the national rowing team of Bulgaria with average age of 17.5 years were tested. Participants performed a one-time graded incremental exercise test to exhaustion on a rowing ergometer. The proposed new approach for determining the anaerobic threshold is related to detecting the power. Thus, one curve (obtained from differences in percentages of hearth rate and pulmonary ventilation) crosses the other one (obtained from pulmonary ventilation in percentages). The crossing point corresponds to the anaerobic threshold. This approach was compared with two methods determining the lactate threshold, by blood lactate measurement. Results. The Shapiro-Wilk test results indicated, that the samples of the heart rate of the compared methods have a normal or close to the normal distribution. The Fisher's F-test demonstrated, that the standard deviations of the samples do not differ significantly two by two at ɑ=0.05. The Bland&Altman test presented, that the 95% of all measurement data points lie within the confidence interval limit for each of the comparisons made between the new approach and two methods. Conclusions. Our proposed approach is non-invasive and can be easily applied in the field conditions, without using gas-analysing devices. In addition, it is reliable, reproducible and comparable to the accepted for “Gold Standard” methods for determination of anaerobic threshold with 95% statistical significance.Downloads
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References
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https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1982.52.4.869
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https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200408000-00018
25. Jones A, Doust J. Lack of reliability in Conconi’s heart rate deflection point. Int. J. Sports Med. 1995; 16: 541–544.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-973051
26. Jamnick NA, Botella J, Pyne DB, Bishop DJ. Manipulating graded exercise test variables affects the validity of the lactate threshold and VO2peak. PLoS ONE. 2018; 13(7): e0199794
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199794
27. Erdogan A, Cetin C, Karatosun H, Baydar M. Non-invasive Indices for the Estimation of the Anaerobic Threshold of Oarsmen. The Journal of International Medical Research. 2010; 38: 901 –915.
https://doi.org/10.1177/147323001003800316
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1025823
2. Wasserman К, Whipp B, Koyal S, Beaver В. Anaerobic threshold and respiratory gas exchange during exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 1973; 35(Z): 236–243.
https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1973.35.2.236
3. Svedahl K, MacIntosh BR. Anaerobic threshold: The concept and methods of measurement. Can. J. Appl. Physiol. 2003; 28(2): 299–323.
https://doi.org/10.1139/h03-023
4. Ghosh АК. Anaerobic Threshold: Its Concepts and Role in Endurance Sport. Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences. 2004; 11 (1):24–36.
5. Bosquet L, Léger L Legros P. Methods to Determine Aerobic Endurance. Sports Med. 2002; 32 (11): 675–700.
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200232110-00002
6. Bindera RK, Wonischb М, Corrac U, Cohen-Solald А, Vanheese L, Sanera H et al. Methodological approach to the first and second lactate threshold in incremental cardiopulmonary exercise testing. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. 2008; 15:726–734.
https://doi.org/10.1097/HJR.0b013e328304fed4
7. Billat VL. Use of Blood Lactate Measurements for Prediction of Exercise Performance and for Control of Training Recommendations for Long-Distance Running. Sports.Med. 1996;22 (3):157–175.
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199622030-00003
8. Heck H, Mader A, Hess G, Mücke S, Müller R, Hollmann W. Justification of the 4-mmol/l lactate threshold. Int J Sports Med. 1985; 6(3):117–130.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2008-1025824
9. Bishop D, Jenkins DG, Mackinnon LT. The relationship between plasma lactate parameters, Wpeak and 1-h cycling performance in women. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1998;30(8):1270–1275.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199808000-00014
10. Cerezuela-Espejo V, Courel-Ibáñez J, Morán-Navarro R, Martínez-Cava A, Pallarés JG. The Relationship Between Lactate and Ventilatory Thresholds in Runners: Validity and Reliability of Exercise Test Performance Parameters. Front. Physiol. 2018;9:1320.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01320
11. Gaskill SE, Ruby BC, Walker AJ, Sancez OA, Serfass RC, Leon AS. Validity and reliability of combining three methods to determine ventilatory threshold. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 2001; 33,11:1841–1848.
https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200111000-00007
12. Bodner ME, Rhodes C. A review of the concept of the heart rate deflection point. Sports Med. 2000;30,1:31–46.
https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200030010-00004
13. Beaver W, Wasserman K, Whipp BJ. A new method for detecting anaerobic threshold by gas exchange. J Appl Physiol 1986; 60: 2020-7.
14. Santos EL, Giannella-Neto А. Comparison of computerized methods for detecting the ventilatory thresholds. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2004; 93: 315–324.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-004-1166-6
15. Nishijima H, Kominami K, Kondo K, Akino M, Sakurai M. New method for the mathematical derivation of the ventilatory anaerobic threshold: a retrospective study. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation. 2019; 11:10.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-019-0122-z
16. Lucía А, Carvajal А, Boraita А, Serratosa L, Hoyos J, Chicharro JL. Heart dimensions may influence the occur rence of the hear t rate deflection point in highly trained cyclists. Br J Sports Med. 1999;33:387–392.
https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.33.6.387
17. Hnizdil J, Skopek M, Nosek M, Louka O, Musalek M, Heller J. The Conconi Test – Searching for the Deflection Point. Physical Activity Review. 2019; 7: 160-167.
https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2019.07.19
18. Mader A, Liesen H, Heck H, Philippi H, Rost R, Schürch P et al. Zur Beurteilung der sportartspezifischen usdauerleistungsfähigkeit im Labor. [To assess the sport-specific endurance capacity in the laboratory]. Sportarzt und Sportmedizin, 1976; 27(5):109–112. (In German)
19. Cheng BK, Snyder H, Keizer AC, Jeukendrup HA, Hesselink M. A new approach for the determination of ventilatory and lactate thresholds. Int J Sports Med. 1992;13: 518–522.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1021309
20. Altman DG, Bland JM. Measurement in Medicine: the Analysis of Method. The Statistician. 1983;32:307–317.
https://doi.org/10.2307/2987937
21. Giavarina D. Understanding Bland Altman analysis. Biochemia Medica. 2015;25(2):141–51.
https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2015.015
22. Strzala M, Tyka А, Zychowska М. Reliability of Invasive ad Non-Invasive Anaerobic Threshold Estimation in Young Swimmers. Journal of Human Kinetics volume. 2004;12:135–146.
23. Conconi F, Ferrari M, Ziglio PG, Droghetti P, Codeca L: Determination of the anaerobic threshold by a noninvasive field test in runners. J. Appl. Physiol. Respir. Environ. Exerc. Physiol. 1982;52: 869–873.
https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1982.52.4.869
24. Bourgois J, Coorevits P, Danneels L, Witvrouw E, Cambier D, Vrijens J. Validity of the heart rate deflection point as a predictor of lactate threshold concepts during cycling. J Strength Cond res. 2004;18(3):498–503.
https://doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200408000-00018
25. Jones A, Doust J. Lack of reliability in Conconi’s heart rate deflection point. Int. J. Sports Med. 1995; 16: 541–544.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-973051
26. Jamnick NA, Botella J, Pyne DB, Bishop DJ. Manipulating graded exercise test variables affects the validity of the lactate threshold and VO2peak. PLoS ONE. 2018; 13(7): e0199794
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199794
27. Erdogan A, Cetin C, Karatosun H, Baydar M. Non-invasive Indices for the Estimation of the Anaerobic Threshold of Oarsmen. The Journal of International Medical Research. 2010; 38: 901 –915.
https://doi.org/10.1177/147323001003800316
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Published
2021-04-30
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Stefanov LG, Neykov SE. Determination of Anaerobic Threshold by a new approach through the incremental exercise using proportion in HR and Ve changes in rowers. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports. 2021;25(2):89-97. https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2021.0203
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