Cognitive functions and special working capacity in elite boxers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2023.0110Keywords:
cognitive functions, boxers, special capacity, verbal, nonverbal, intelligenceAbstract
Background and Study Aim. In the basis of the boxer's power qualities is the ability to perceive and process external information. Therefore, in order to ensure the proper training of qualified boxers, there is a need to monitor the functional state of the boxer’s organism. The relationship between cognitive functions and special working capacity of elite boxers were studied. Material and Methods. The level of special working capacity was studied by the test of punching a boxer for 8 s at maximum speed. Cognitive functions (verbal and nonverbal intelligence, and word memory) were studied using the "Multipsychometer-05" hardware-software. 26 elite boxers, aged 18-24, were tested. Results. The research results showed that groups of boxers with different levels of special working capacity differ in terms of accuracy and efficiency when performing a cognitive task with verbal stimuli. The resulted that the high level of special working capacity of elite boxers is provided by the manifestation of verbal intelligence. Besides, the special working capacity is related with activation of mental functions of attention, speed of visual perception, operational and logical thinking. At the same time, significantly higher values of decision latency in this group of boxers indicate a slowdown in the processing of nonverbal information in boxers with a high level of special working capacity to work. It can be noted that the special working capacity of boxers has a direct relationship with quality and inverse relationship with the speed of information processing. The speed of memorizing verbal information is better in boxers with a high level of special working capacity. This fact indicates the importance of the verbal factor for the assimilation of special information in the training of boxers. The best values of accuracy and efficiency indicate the relationship of special working capacity in skilled boxers with the quality and volume of memorized verbal information. Conclusions. The special working capacity of elite boxers has a direct relationship with quality and inverse relationship with the speed of information processing. The elite boxers with a high level of special working capacity have a better speed of verbal information memorizing.Downloads
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References
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25. Edwards AM, Polman RC. Pacing and awareness: brain regulation of physical activity. Sports Medicine. 2013;43(11):1057-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0091-4
26. Huaguang G. Complex dynamics of the nervous system for information processing and abnormal functions. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2017;49(2):410–20. https://doi.org/ 10.6052/0459-1879-16-315
27. Yongtawee A, Park J, Kim Y, Woo M. Athletes have different dominant cognitive functions depending on type of sport. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2022;20(1):1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2021.1956570
28. Russo G, Ottoboni G. The perceptual–Cognitive skills of combat sports athletes: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2019;44:60–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.05.004
29. Harwood-Gross A, Lambez B, Feldman R, Zagoory-Sharon O, Rassovsky Y. The Effect of Martial Arts Training on Cognitive and Psychological Functions in At-Risk Youths. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:707047. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.707047
30. Johnstone A, Marí-Beffa P. The effects of martial arts training on attentional networks in typical adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 2018;9:1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00080
31. Ashker SE. Technical and tactical aspects that differentiate winning and losing performances in boxing. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 2011;11(2):356–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2011.11868555
32. Obmiński Z, Mroczkowska H, Kownacka I, Stabno J. Personality traits and eye-hand coordination in less-and more succesful young male boxers. Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts, 2011;2(2):83–89.
2. Bu X. Experimental Study on the Effect of Speed Strength Training on the Special Strikes of Chinese Female Boxers. Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2022;2022: 5912231. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5912231
3. Wu Q. Boxing speed and muscle scientific training. Revista Brasileira De Medicina Do Esporte, 2022;28(2): 82–84. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202228022021_0428
4. Deochand N, Costello MS, Fuqua RW. Real-Time Contingent Feedback to Enhance Punching Performance. Psychological Record, 2020;70(1): 33–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-019-00357-2
5. Halperin I, Chapman DW, Thompson KG, Abbiss C. False-performance feedback does not affect punching forces and pacing of elite boxers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019;37(1): 59–66. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1482526
6. Broeker L, Brüning J, Fandakova Y, Khosravani N, Kiesel A, Kubik V, et al. Individual differences fill the uncharted intersections between cognitive structure, flexibility, and plasticity in multitasking. Psychological Review, 2022; 129(6): 1486–1494. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000376
7. Seidel-Marzi O, Ragert P. Neurodiagnostics in Sports: Investigating the Athlete’s Brain to Augment Performance and Sport-Specific Skills. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 2020;14: 133. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00133
8. Cirino C, Gobatto CA, Pinto AS, Torres RS, Hartz CS, Azevedo PHSM, et al. Complex network model indicates a positive effect of inspiratory muscles pre-activation on performance parameters in a judo match. Scientific Reports, 2021;11(1): 11148. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90394-1
9. Korobeinikova L, Korobeynikov G, Cynarski WJ, Borysova O, Kovalchuk V, Matveev S, et al. Tactical styles of fighting and functional asymmetry of the brain among elite wrestlers. Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology, 2020;20(4):24–30. https://doi.org/10.14589/ido.20.4.4
10. Musculus L, Raab M. A Developmental Perspective on Motor-Cognitive Interactions and Performance in Sports. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2022;61:102202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102202
11. Panten J, Loffing F, Baker J, Schorer J. Extending Research on Deception in Sport–Combining Perception and Kinematic Approaches. Frontiers in Psychology, 2019;10:2650. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02650
12. Drozdovski AK. The connection between typological complexes of properties of the nervous system, temperaments, and personality types in the professions and sports. Open Access Journal of Sports Medicine, 2015;6:161–172. https://doi.org/10.2147/OAJSM.S75612
13. Finlay MJ, Page RM, Greig M, Bridge CA. The prevalence of pre-conditioning and recovery strategies in senior elite and non-elite amateur boxing. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2022;50(4):323–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2021.1931525
14. Kalén A, Bisagno E, Musculus L, Raab M, Pérez-Ferreirós A, Williams AM, et al. The role of domain-specific and domain-general cognitive functions and skills in sports performance: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 2021;147(12):1290–1308. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000355
15. Chernozub A, Danylchenko S, Imas Y, Kochina M, Ieremenko N, Korobeynikov G, et al. Peculiarities of correcting load parameters in power training of mixed martial arts athletes. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 2019;19:481–488. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2019.s2070
16. Korobeynikov G, Bulatova M, Zhirnov O, Cynarski WJ, Wasik J, Korobeinikova L, et al. Links between postural stability and neurodynamic characteristics in kickboxers. Ido Movement for Cultutre. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology, 2021;21(1): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.14589/ido.21.1.1
17. Кlychko V, Savchyn М. A system of tests for evaluating special fitness of highly skilled boxers. Science in Olympic Sport, 2019;3:138–144.
18. Bianco M, Loosemore M, Daniele G, Palmieri V, Faina M, Zeppilli P. Amateur boxing in the last 59 years. Impact of rules changes on the type of verdicts recorded and implications on boxers’ health. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2013;47(7): 452–457. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2012-091771
19. Dilmurodov SS. Competitive activities of qualified boxers in connection with peculiarities of battle tactics. Berlin Studies Transnational Journal of Science and Humanities, 2021;1:617–529. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5810753
20. Seifert T, Bernick C, Jordan B, Alessi A, Davidson J, Cantu R, et al. Determining brain fitness to fight: Has the time come?. The Physician and Sportsmedicine, 2015;43(4):395–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.2015.1081551
21. Slimani M, Miarka B, Teixeira RPA, Znazen H, Tod D, Nikolaidis PT, et al. Effect of acute boxing training session on cognitive function and psychological states. Medicina Dello Sport, 2022;75(3): 404–412. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0025-7826.22.04166-7
22. Korobeynikov G, Potop V, Korobeynikova L, Kolumbet A, Khmelnitska I, Shtanagey D, et al. Research of the hand motion dynamic characteristics of the women boxers with different types of functional asymmetry. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 2019;19:2185–2191. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2019.s6328
23. Schinke RJ, Battochio RC, Dube TV, Lidor R, Tenenbaum G, Lane AM. Adaptation Processes Affecting Performance in Elite Sport. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 2012;6(2): 180–195. https://doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.6.2.180
24. Battaglini MP, Pessoa Filho DM, Calais SL, Miyazaki MCOS, Neiva CM, Espada MC, et al. Analysis of Progressive Muscle Relaxation on Psychophysiological Variables in Basketball Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022;19(24): 17065. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192417065
25. Edwards AM, Polman RC. Pacing and awareness: brain regulation of physical activity. Sports Medicine. 2013;43(11):1057-64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0091-4
26. Huaguang G. Complex dynamics of the nervous system for information processing and abnormal functions. Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 2017;49(2):410–20. https://doi.org/ 10.6052/0459-1879-16-315
27. Yongtawee A, Park J, Kim Y, Woo M. Athletes have different dominant cognitive functions depending on type of sport. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 2022;20(1):1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2021.1956570
28. Russo G, Ottoboni G. The perceptual–Cognitive skills of combat sports athletes: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 2019;44:60–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.05.004
29. Harwood-Gross A, Lambez B, Feldman R, Zagoory-Sharon O, Rassovsky Y. The Effect of Martial Arts Training on Cognitive and Psychological Functions in At-Risk Youths. Front Pediatr. 2021;9:707047. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.707047
30. Johnstone A, Marí-Beffa P. The effects of martial arts training on attentional networks in typical adults. Frontiers in Psychology, 2018;9:1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00080
31. Ashker SE. Technical and tactical aspects that differentiate winning and losing performances in boxing. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, 2011;11(2):356–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/24748668.2011.11868555
32. Obmiński Z, Mroczkowska H, Kownacka I, Stabno J. Personality traits and eye-hand coordination in less-and more succesful young male boxers. Journal of Combat Sports and Martial Arts, 2011;2(2):83–89.
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2023-01-30
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Korobeynikov G, Korobeinikova L, Raab M, Baić M, Borysova O, Korobeinikova I, Shengpeng G, Khmelnitska I. Cognitive functions and special working capacity in elite boxers. Pedagogy of Physical Culture and Sports. 2023;27(1):84-90. https://doi.org/10.15561/26649837.2023.0110
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